摘要
本研究旨在对比分析配合饲料与活饵投喂对翘嘴鳜(Siniperca chuatsi)消化机能、免疫能力及肠道微生物组成的差异性影响。在养殖池塘中设置6个网箱,每个网箱放养鳜鱼苗种200尾,其中3个网箱作为配合饲料组投喂商用鳜鱼配合饲料,另3个网箱作为活饵组投喂鲢鱼苗。饲养5个月后,检测2组翘嘴鳜胃、肠道及肝脏中消化酶活性、血清生化指标及肠道微生物组成。结果显示:在胃中,配合饲料组鳜鱼的胃蛋白酶活性显著低于活饵组(P<0.05),且尽管其胃黏膜结构保持基本完整,但胃腺呈现出萎缩趋势;在肠道中,配合饲料组鳜鱼的胰蛋白酶和纤维素酶活性均显著低于活饵组(P<0.05),2组鳜鱼肠道均未见明显损伤,但配合饲料组杯状细胞数量增加;而在肝脏中,配合饲料组鳜鱼的胰蛋白酶活性显著高于活饵组(P<0.05),肝脏组织未见明显损伤。对于血清生化指标,配合饲料组鳜鱼溶菌酶和碱性磷酸酶活性显著均高于活饵组(P<0.05),但白蛋白含量则显著低于活饵组(P<0.05)。此外,肠道微生物组成分析揭示,配合饲料组鳜鱼肠道微生物以支原体属(Mycoplasma)为优势菌,而活饵组的优势菌则为不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter),且配合饲料组在代谢功能基因丰度上显著高于活饵组(P<0.05),在环境信息处理和细胞过程功能基因丰度上则显著低于活饵组(P<0.05)。本研究结果表明,翘嘴鳜能够根据饲料类型的差异在消化机能、免疫能力及肠道微生物组成等方面展现出一定的适应性,但投喂配合饲料时机体仍承受一定程度的损伤,提示需进一步优化配合饲料的营养成分。
This study aimed to compare and analyze the differential effects of formulated feed versus live bait feeding on the digestive function,immune capability,and intestinal microbial composition of Siniperca chuatsi.Six net cages were set up in the culture pond with 200 Siniperca chuatsi fingerlings in each cage.Three cages served as the formulated feed group fed commercial mandarin fish formulated feed,while the other three cages served as live bait group fed silver carp fingerlings.Through 5 months feeding experiment,the digestive enzyme activities in stomach,liver and gut,serum biochemical indexes,intestinal microbial composition of Siniperca chuatsi were examined.The results showed as follows:in stomach,the pepsase activity of Siniperca chuatsi in the formulated feed group was significantly lower than that in the live bait group(P<0.05).Although the gastric mucosa structure remained basically intact,the gastric glands exhibited a trend of atrophy.In gut,both trypsin and cellulase activities in the formulated feed group were significantly lower than those in the live bait group(P<0.05).No obvious damage was observed in the gut of both groups,but the number of goblet cells in the formulated feed group increased.In liver,however,the trypsin activity of Siniperca chuatsi in the formulated feed group was significantly higher than that in the live bait group(P<0.05),and no obvious damage was observed in the liver tissues.For serum biochemical indexes,the activities of lysozyme and alkaline of Siniperca chuatsi in the formulated feed group were significantly higher than those in the live bait group(P<0.05),and the serum albumin content in the formulated feed group was significantly lower than that in the live bait group(P<0.05).Additionally,intestinal microbial composition analysis revealed that Mycoplasma was the dominant bacterium in the formulated feed group,while Acinetobacter was dominant bacterium in the live bait group.The abundance of functional genes related to metabolism in formulated feed group was significantly higher than that in live bait group(P<0.05),but the abundances of genes related to environmental information processing and cell process functions in formulated feed group was significantly lower than that in the live bait group(P<0.05).The results of this study demonstrate that Siniperca chuatsi can exhibit a certain degree of adaptability in digestive function,immune capability,and intestinal microbial composition based on differences in feed type,but the body still undergoes a certain level of damage when fed formulated feed,suggesting that the nutritional composition of formulated feed should be further optimized.
作者
王静宇
钟可儿
张颖
张燕萍
丁立云
黄江峰
周智勇
徐先栋
WANG Jingyu;ZHONG Keer;ZHANG Ying;ZHANG Yanping;DING Liyun;HUANG Jiangfeng;ZHOU Zhiyong;XU Xiandong(Jiangxi Fisheries Research Institute,Nanchang 330039,China)
出处
《动物营养学报》
北大核心
2025年第5期3233-3243,共11页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION
基金
国家特色淡水鱼产业技术体系(CARS-46-37)
江西省重点研发计划(S2023ZPYFB0129)
江西省联合育种研究项目(2023yyyyzgg-02)。
关键词
翘嘴鳜
饲料驯化
消化酶
免疫
肠道微生物
Siniperca chuatsi
feed domestication
digestive enzymes
immune
intestinal microorganism
作者简介
王静宇(1992-),女,河南南阳人,硕士,研究方向为水产动物营养与饲料。E-mail:1521536543@qq.com;通信作者:徐先栋,高级水产师,E-mail:xuxd2009@163.com。
