摘要
探究福建漳州地区不同灵芝Ganoderma lucidum品种的营养成分及其差异,为灵芝的合理使用提供参考。以同一生长环境和立地条件下的紫灵芝和赤灵芝子实体为研究对象,通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法、分光光度法等多种技术对其进行营养成分测定,比较不同品种灵芝中总三萜、总多酚、总黄酮等多种营养物质含量的差异,评价灵芝的营养品质。结果表明:在基础成分和营养成分上,赤灵芝GL-2的蛋白质(22.0 g·hg^(−1))、可溶性糖(0.27%)、粗多糖(1.00 g·hg^(−1))和总三萜(2.92 g·hg^(−1))含量均显著高于其他品种,赤灵芝GL-1的脂肪(3.6 g·hg^(−1))与粗纤维(50.6%)含量最高;在氨基酸含量上,赤灵芝GL-2氨基酸总含量最高(12.25 g·hg^(−1)),且所有17种氨基酸含量均显著优于紫灵芝品种;在脂肪酸组分含量上,赤灵芝在饱和脂肪酸(如硬脂酸、花生酸)上占比更高,其中GL-2亚麻酸含量(0.652%)为紫灵芝GS-1的7.8倍,紫灵芝GS-1油酸(55.2%)和GS-2亚油酸(40.0%)等不饱和脂肪酸占比更高;在矿质元素含量上,紫灵芝GS-2的钙(3000 mg·kg^(−1))、铁(1250 mg·kg^(−1))、锌(46.8 mg·kg^(−1))含量均高于赤灵芝品种。赤灵芝(GL-2)在蛋白质、可溶性糖、粗多糖、总三萜及氨基酸含量上表现一定优势,提示其作为高营养功能原料的开发潜力;紫灵芝在矿质元素(钙、铁、锌、硒)及不饱和脂肪酸(油酸、亚油酸)富集能力上更为突出,尤其是紫灵芝GS-2的钙、铁、锌含量及紫灵芝GS-1的硒含量,表明其在营养强化与特定代谢调节中的应用价值;品种特异性显著影响功能性成分(如总多酚、总黄酮)的积累,紫灵芝GS-2总多酚含量最高,而赤灵芝GL-1总黄酮含量最高。综上,赤灵芝GL-2的综合营养优势与紫灵芝的矿质元素特性,可为灵芝品种选育及功能产品开发提供参考依据。
This study aimed to explore the nutritional components and their differences in different Ganoderma lucidum varieties in Zhangzhou,Fujian,in order to provide reference for the rational use of Ganoderma lucidum.By taking the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma sinense and G.lucidum(Leyss.ex Fr.)Karst under the same growth environment and site conditions as the research object,the nutritional components were determined by using the techniques such as inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,and spectrophotometry.The differences in the contents of total triterpenoids,total polyphenols,total flavonoids and other nutrients in different varieties of Ganoderma lucidum were compared to evaluate the nutritional quality of Ganoderma lucidum.The results showed that:in terms of basic components and nutritional components,G.lucidum(Leyss.ex Fr.)Karst GL-2 exhibited significantly higher levels of protein(22.0 g·hg^(−1)),soluble sugar(0.27%),crude polysaccharide(1.00 g·hg^(−1)),and total triterpenoids(2.92 g·hg^(−1))compared to other varieties.Conversely,G.lucidum(Leyss.ex Fr.)Karst GL-1 demonstrated the highest content of fat(3.6 g·hg^(−1))and crude fiber(50.6%).In terms of amino acid composition,G.lucidum(Leyss.ex Fr.)Karst GL-2 possessed the highest total amino acid content(12.25 g·hg^(−1)),with all 17 amino acids being significantly more abundant than that in the Ganoderma sinense.In terms of fatty acid composition,G.lucidum(Leyss.ex Fr.)Karst exhibited a higher proportion of saturated fatty acids,such as stearic acid and arachidonic acid.Notably,the linolenic acid content in GL-2(0.652%)was 7.8 times greater than that in Ganoderma sinense GS-1,while Ganoderma sinense GS-1 had a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids,such as oleic acid(55.2%),and GS-2 had a higher proportion of linoleic acid(40.0%).In terms of mineral element content,Ganoderma sinense GS-2 contained higher levels of calcium(3000 mg·kg^(−1)),iron(1250 mg·kg^(−1)),and zinc(46.8 mg·kg^(−1))compared to the G.lucidum(Leyss.ex Fr.)Karst.G.lucidum(Leyss.ex Fr.)Karst GL-2 demonstrated notable advantages in the concentrations of fundamental components such as protein,soluble sugars,and crude polysaccharides,as well as total triterpenoids and amino acids,indicating its potential as the raw material with significant nutritional functionality.The levels of mineral elements,including calcium,iron,zinc,and selenium,alongside the unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic and linoleic acids,were particularly pronounced in Ganoderma sinense GS-2.Notably,the calcium,iron,and zinc contents in Ganoderma sinense GS-2 and the selenium content in Ganoderma sinense GS-1 indicated their potential application in the nutritional enrichment and targeted metabolic regulation.The specificity of different varieties significantly influenced the accumulation of functional components,such as total polyphenols and flavonoids.Specifically,Ganoderma sinense GS-2 exhibited the highest level of total polyphenol,while G.lucidum(Leyss.ex Fr.)Karst GL-1 had the highest content of total flavonoids.In summary,the comprehensive nutritional benefits of G.lucidum(Leyss.ex Fr.)Karst GL-2,along with the distinctive mineral element profile of Ganoderma sinense,could provide reference for the variety breeding and the development of functional products.
作者
牛雨晴
柯志祥
邱建林
李鸾翔
朱雁鸣
陈宏
简青燕
郑梅霞
朱育菁
苏海兰
NIU Yu-qing;KE Zhi-xiang;QIU Jian-lin;LI Luan-xiang;ZHU Yan-ming;CHEN Hong;JIAN Qing-yan;ZHENG Mei-xia;ZHU Yu-jing;SU Hai-lan(Institute of Crop Sciences,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian 350003,China;College of Computing and Information Science,Fuzhou Institute of Technology,Fuzhou,Fujian 350506,China;Wuping Shengda Agricultural Development co.,Ltd.,Wuping,Fujian 364300,China;Fujian Wuzhitang Agricultural Technology Co.,Ltd.,Zhangzhou,Fujian 363000,China)
出处
《福建农业科技》
2025年第3期1-9,共9页
Fujian Agricultural Science and Technology
基金
福建省科技计划重大专项(2022NZ029017)
福建省科技计划星火项目(2023S0056)。
关键词
灵芝子实体
品种
营养成分
品质评价
Ganoderma lucidum fruiting body
varieties
nutrient composition
quality evaluation
作者简介
牛雨晴,1993年生,博士,助理研究员,主要从事药用植物种苗繁育技术、优质品种选育工作。主持国家自然科学基金项目“E3泛素连接酶0sSIE3靶向0sSL调控水稻抗病的分子机制”,作为主要成员参与福建省科技重大专项“特色林下药材良种选育及高效栽培技术”、福建省自然科学基金项目“生物炭对多花黄精化感自毒作用的缓解及其机制研究”、福建省科技计划省属公益类项目“基于代谢组学对凉粉草种质资源的抗氧化活性研究”等科研项目10多项,申请国家发明专利3项,参与制定福建省地方标准1项“巴戟天栽培及初加工技术规程”,参与选育多花黄精新品种1个,以第一作者在《The Plant Cell》《BMC Plant Biology》等学术期刊发表论文近10篇;通信作者:苏海兰,女,1980年生,高级农艺师,主要从事药用植物资源利用与栽培研究(E-mail:suhailan2019@163.com)。
