摘要
【目的】探究不同施氮水平对烤烟根际土壤理化性质及细菌群落结构组成和多样性的影响,为烤烟生产中合理施用氮肥提供参考。【方法】以烤烟品种云烟100为试验材料,设不施氮(N0,0 kg/ha)、常规减氮45.0%(N1,55 kg/ha)、常规减氮22.5%(N2,78 kg/ha)、常规施氮(N3,101 kg/ha)、常规增氮22.5%(N4,124 kg/ha)5个处理,烤烟成熟期采集根际土壤样品,测定分析不同处理的土壤理化性质及土壤细菌群落多样性和结构组成差异。【结果】与N0处理相比,施氮处理除有机质含量稍降低外,碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、水溶性氯、有效硼和有效锌含量均明显提高;此外,N2N4处理有利于提高土壤纤维素酶、蔗糖酶和脲酶活性,降低酸性磷酸酶活性。相关分析结果表明,土壤纤维素酶活性与土壤有效磷、速效钾和有效硼含量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同);土壤脲酶活性与土壤pH和有机质含量呈极显著负相关,而与碱解氮、有效硼和水溶性氯含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05,下同);土壤酸性磷酸酶活性与土壤pH和有效磷含量分别呈极显著和显著负相关。不同施氮处理间根际土壤细菌群落的Alpha多样性指数无显著差异(P>0.05),但细菌群落结构存在显著差异。变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)等为根际土壤细菌群落主要优势菌门,施氮增加了根际土壤变形菌门、酸杆菌门的相对丰度。随施氮水平提高,Gaiella、硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrospira)、壤霉菌属(Agromyces)相对丰度呈先升后降的变化趋势,施氮处理降低了鞘氨醇单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)、多粘类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus)等的相对丰度。冗余分析结果表明,土壤细菌群落主要受土壤pH及碱解氮、有效锌、水溶性氯含量,以及纤维素酶、脲酶和酸性磷酸酶活性的影响。【结论】不同施氮水平对烤烟根际土壤理化性质及细菌群落的影响存在差异,合理施氮(78 kg/ha)可提高土壤纤维素酶和蔗糖酶活性,改善土壤细菌群落结构。土壤pH和碱解氮、有效锌、水溶性氯含量及纤维素酶、脲酶、酸性磷酸酶活性是影响烤烟根际土壤细菌群落的关键因子。
【Objective】To explore the effects of different nitrogen application levels on rhizosphere soil physicochemi‐cal properties,bacterial community structure and diversity,which couldprovide reference for rational application of nitro‐gen fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco.【Method】Tobacco varietyYunyan 100 was used as experiment material.Five treat‐ments with different nitrogen application were set up,including no nitrogen application(N0,0 kg/ha),conventional ni‐trogen reduction of 45.0%(N1,55 kg/ha),conventional nitrogen reduction of 22.5%(N2,78 kg/ha),conventional ni‐trogen application(N3,101 kg/ha),and conventional nitrogen increase of 22.5%(N4,124 kg/ha).During the maturity period,the rhizosphere soil samples were collected to study the differencesof physicochemical properties,the bacterial community diversity and structural composition in different treatments.【Result】Compared with the N0 treatment,the ni‐trogen application treatment greatly increased the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,water-soluble chlorine,available boron and available zinc,except for a slight decrease in organic matter con‐tent.In addition,the treatment of N2-N4 was beneficial to increase the activities of soil cellulase,sucrase and urease,and reduce the activity of acid phosphatase.The results of correlation analysis indicated that the activity of soil cellulase was extremely significantly and positively correlated with the contents of available phosphorus,available potassium and avail‐able boron in the soil(P<0.01,the same below).Soil urease activity was extremely significantly and negatively corre‐lated with soil pH and organic matter content,while it was significantly and positively correlated with alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available boron and water-soluble chlorine contents(P<0.05,the same below).The activity of soil acid phos‐phatase was extremely significantly and significantly negatively correlated with soil pH and available phosphorus content respectively.There was no significant difference in the Alpha diversity index of the rhizosphere soil bacterial community among different nitrogen application treatments(P>0.05),but there were significant differences in the bacterial commu‐nity structure.Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria were the main dominant bacterial phyla in the rhizosphere soil bacterial community.Nitrogen application has increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria in the rhizosphere soil.With the increase of nitrogen application level,the relative abundances of Gaiella,Nitrospira and Agromyces showed a changing trend of first increasing and then decreasing.Nitrogen application treatment reduced the relative abundances of Sphingomonas and Paenibacillus.The results of redundancy analysis indicated that the soil bacterial community was mainly affected by soil pH,the contents of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available zinc,water-soluble chlorine,as well as activities of cellulase,urease and acid phosphatase.【Conclusion】There are differences in the effects of different nitrogen application rates on the rhizosphere soil physicochemical properties and bacterial com‐munity in flue-cured tobacco.Reasonable nitrogen application(78 kg/ha)can increase soil cellulase and sucrase activi‐ties,and improve soil bacterial community structure.Meanwhile,soil pH,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available zinc,water-soluble chlorine content,cellulase,urease,and acid phosphatase activities are the key factors influencing rhizo‐sphere soil bacterial communities.
作者
王政
韩家宝
农尚健
谢晏芬
邓泳
董瑜
保华
彭国建
李先才
李晓婷
WANG Zheng;HAN Jia-bao;NONG Shang-jian;XIE Yan-fen;DENG Yong;DONG Yu;BAO Hua;PENG Guo-jian;LI Xian-cai;LI Xiao-ting(China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Co.,Ltd.,Nanning,Guangxi 530000,China;Qujing Company,Yunnan Tobacco Company,Qujing,Yunnan 655000,China;College of Tobacco Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming,Yunnan 650201,China;Yunnan Wooja Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Kunming,Yunnan 650106,China)
出处
《南方农业学报》
北大核心
2025年第4期1089-1100,共12页
Journal of Southern Agriculture
基金
云南省重大科技专项(202202AE090025)
云南省烟草公司科技计划项目(2022YNQJKJ04)
广西中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(GXZYCX2022B002)。
关键词
烤烟
氮肥
根际
土壤养分
土壤酶活性
细菌群落
flue-cured tobacco
nitrogen fertilizer
rhizosphere
soil nutrients
soil enzyme activity
bacterial com‐munity
作者简介
第一作者:王政(1978-),https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6826-7360,高级农艺师,主要从事烟叶原料品质分析研究工作,E-mail:16627843@qq.com;通信作者:李晓婷(1983-),https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8550-2347,高级农艺师,主要从事植物营养与土壤肥料研究工作,E-mail:297342679@qq.com。
