摘要
在非生物胁迫中,干旱胁迫被认为是限制植物生长的重要因素之一。多种植物能通过与微生物互作来提高其抗旱性和存活率,从而引发了一系列科学问题:植物与微生物互作时如何提升宿主植物的抗旱性?该过程与植物生理学变化有何区别?对未来农业的可持续发展有何帮助?以往研究表明:在土壤-植物根系-微生物交互网络中,根系中的细菌能通过产生植物生长调节因子或改变植物的激素水平来促进植物根系发育及伸长,诱导植物产生系统抗逆信号通路,促进植物产生抗氧化物、活性氧清除剂、亲水胞外多糖,从而提升植物的耐旱水平;菌根真菌通过其菌丝直接帮助宿主植物吸收水分、营养,还能调控宿主植物的水通道蛋白、干旱相关基因,以促进植物在干旱胁迫下的代谢和生长。因此,人们越来越意识到有益微生物群落在改善植物健康方面具应用潜力,提出核心微生物、最小微生物、协助微生物等概念,挖掘与植物高生产力相关的潜在有益细菌,为农业生物肥料开发提供理论基础。该文关注根际促生菌、外生菌根真菌、丛枝菌根真菌、多菌种接种实验以及微生物调控植物干旱相关基因等方面研究进展,论述根系微生物与植物互作的耐旱分子机制并整合了基本研究技术路线,旨在为可持续、低化学投入的应用农业提供新思路。
In abiotic stress,drought stress is considered as one of the most important factors limiting plant growth.Most of plants interact actively with a variety of microorganisms to enhance their drought resistance and survival rates.So,there are some interesting scientific questions.How do plants interact with microorganisms and lead to high drought resistance?What are the differences of plant physiological performance between with and without the assistance of microbes under the drought pressure?Would the research in this area be benefit to sustainable agriculture especially with the increasing aridification?In soil-root-microbe interactions,bacteria contribute to plant drought resistance in multiple ways:(1)producing or altering phytohormone to promote plant root development and elongation;(2)inducing drought-resistant-related pathways;and(3)stimulating host plant to generate more antioxidants,activated oxygen scavenger and hydrophilic extracellular polysaccharides.Another group of microbes,mycorrhizal fungi,ensure the metabolism and development of plants through two main mechanisms:(1)facilitating water and nutrients uptake for plants via their enormous hyphae;(2)regulating aquaporins and drought-related genes.Some terminologists appeared such as core microbiome,‘accessory’microbiome and minimal microbiome because we realized this is a new and crucial topic that beneficial microorganisms communities play a crucial role in plant life cycle and we need more research to provide knowledge foundation which could be used for crop reproduction.In this review,we focus on rhizosphere-promoting bacteria,ectomycorrhizas fungi,arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi,multi-strain inoculation experiments and drought response genes.Then we demonstrate the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance of root microorganisms and plants.Finally,we provide the basic but integrated research technical route of drought tolerance of root microorganisms and plants,and discuss an approach combined with traditional and latest molecular methods which aims to contribute to sustainable agriculture.
作者
庞志强
余迪求
PANG Zhiqiang;YU Diqiu(CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650223,China;College of Life Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《植物生理学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2020年第2期109-126,共18页
Plant Physiology Journal
基金
中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园“一三五”期间重大突破专项(2017XTBG-TOP2).
关键词
可持续农业
胁迫
根际促生菌
丛枝菌根
活性氧
干旱响应基因
sustainable agriculture
stress
rhizosphere-promoting bacteria
arbuscular mycorrhiza
reactive oxygen species
drought response gene
作者简介
通讯作者:余迪求(ydq@xtbg.ac.cn)。
