摘要
历史文化遗存丰富的城市老旧片区是文脉传承的重要载体,但普遍面临既有环境劣化、功能空间错位、与当代文化脱节等严峻问题。结合“文化自信”和“双碳”国家战略,以片区为主体的完整保护与绿色更新是我国城镇化发展的必由之路,也是值得人们关注的重大课题。面对片区文化要素关联识别、绿色更新整体评估、文绿融合设计原理三大科学难题,以及信息集成、综合评估、适配设计三大环节中在地化、高精度、多目标协同的技术瓶颈,笔者团队以三十余年的研究与实证为基础,创新性地提出了“文绿融合”的中国城市老旧片区保护更新理论及方法、数智先导的全流程技术体系,并成功应用于景德镇、福州、北京等城市的多类型保护更新实践中,最终呈现的效益显著。
The splendid civilization and long history of China have produced a rich and diverse urban historic and cultural heritage.Existing urban old districts represent the most concentrated and vivid spatial carriers of Chinese culture and collective memory.However,these districts face critical challenges,including the degradation and substandard quality of the built environment,spatial-functional mismatches,and increasing disconnect from contemporary societal needs.In the context of China's current stage of urbanization,alongside the implementation of national strategies,such as enhancing"cultural confidence"and advancing carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals,it has become both a necessary long-term path and a globally significant challenge to undertake integrated preservation and green renewal at the district scale.Three pressing scientific challenges must be addressed as following:the relational identification of historic and cultural elements within districts,the comprehensive evaluation of green renewal strategies,and the theoretical foundations for integrating conservation with ecological upgrading.These challenges expose technical bottlenecks in three critical phases—information integration,comprehensive assessment,and adaptive design—all of which demand localized,high-precision,and multi-objective collaborative solutions.In response to these challenges,the author and his team,based on over 30 years of research and practical experience,have developed a theoretical and methodological system tailored to the inheritance of Chinese civilization and the green renewal of urban old districts.They proposed a framework for identifying and analyzing cultural elements,established a comprehensive evaluation method for green renewal,and introduced the"culture-eco integration"approach,encompassing principles,processes,and dynamic coordination mechanisms for integrated conservation and design.To support the symbiosis of cultural heritage and ecological sustainability,the team developed a full-process digitally intelligent technical system comprising:a high-precision digital infrastructure enabling multi-scale,multi-dimensional,and multi-phase information integration;a refined and quantifiable evaluation methodology designed to address multi-objective coordination between cultural preservation and low-carbon development objectives;an adaptive design approach that integrates form,space,function,and performance to respond to spatial constraints and local demands.Over the years,the"culture-eco integration"theory and technical system have supported a wide range of representative urban regeneration projects across nearly 200 urban old districts in China,varying in location,historical context,and functional needs.In Jingdezhen,the regeneration of the Taoyangli and Taoxichuan districts exemplifies of cultural continuity with ecological enhancement.Through the comprehensive identification of ceramic industrial heritage,such as"One Kiln,Ten Blanks"and"A Dozen of Porcelain Factories",and multi-scale green assessment,a guiding plan was developed.This enabled the adaptive reuse of over 1300 courtyard buildings and 140 industrial facilities wherein embedded more than 150000 tonnes of embodied carbon in.The design,aligned with the dual needs of intangible heritage preservation and creative revitalization,successfully met the living and working requirements of the"Jingpiao"community,while enhancing the district's safety,resilience,and energy efficiency,establishing a benchmark for heritage-led urban regeneration both domestically and internationally.In Fuzhou's Sanfang Qixiang district,a model combining stratified historic conservation combining the tangible and intangible was implemented.A comprehensive framework was developed to trace the evolution of the district's street morphology,architectural typologies,garden and landscape elements,and intangible cultural assets.This was coupled with green factor assessments to generate a courtyard-based classification and control plan.Through a three-tier design strategy which is"network-path-node",the project achieved integrated preservation and dynamic transmission of over 500 courtyards as well as cultural spaces,resulting in China's first open urban community museum grounded in historic district revitalization.In Beijing's Changping Nankou Town,the transformation of three jacent industrial sites into a national key laboratory hub for Tsinghua University represents a pioneering case of high-quality industrial district regeneration.Guided by a"retain-renovate-demolish-infuse"strategy enabled the adaptive reuse of over 110000 m~2 of factory buildings and integration of approximately 370000 m~2 of newly constructed facilities,resulting the world's largest innovation campus regenerated from old industrial zones.As urban renewal becomes a dominant paradigm of national development,evolving socioeconomic demands will continue to inspire new theoretical frameworks and technological advances in the fields of cultural heritage conservation and high-quality urban transformation.
出处
《当代建筑》
2025年第2期5-20,共16页
Contemporary Architecture
关键词
城市老旧片区
保护更新
文绿融合
新旧共生
urban old districts
conservation and regeneration
culture-eco integration
existing-new symbiosis
作者简介
张杰全,国工程勘察设计大师,清华大学教授,北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院特聘院长。
