摘要
采取半结构化访谈法对钱江源国家公园及周边乡(镇)开展田野调查,获取集体林地保护地役权制度改革的一手资料,借助扎根理论分析方法,归纳、提炼、总结该制度促进社区参与国家公园治理的实现路径。研究表明:经济因素和政策因素是促进社区参与的主要因素;制度支持、社区建设、生计保障和环境教育等地役权改革配套措施是推动社区参与的外在动力;属地政府在改革中发挥着引导社区参与的“催化剂”作用。从立法保障、生计替代、搭建多元参与平台等角度提出完善国家公园保护地役权制度改革的政策建议,确保实现共建共治共享。
⑴Background——The national park system is a major institutional innovation in China's ecological civilization construction.However,the establishment of the national park system is faced with a difficult balance between natural resources protection and community livelihood guarantee.China has explored some measures to solve this dilemma,but certain limitations have been exposed in the implementation,and the collective forest conservation easement system is an innovative system of national park system reform.At present,most studies show that community is an important stakeholder in national park governance.However,the mechanism of collective forest conservation easement system to improve community residents'participation in national park governance has not been well explained.⑵Methods——Qianjiangyuan National Park was one of the first 10 national park system reform pilot areas in China and was taken as the research object in this paper.The research data came from the field survey conducted by the research group in October 2022 in Qianjiangyuan National Park and its four surrounding townships,which mainly included participatory observation and semi-structured interviews.This paper used the grounded theory to conduct open coding,axial coding and selective coding on the obtained data and constructed a conceptual model to explore the mechanism of conservation easement system to improve the community residents'participation in national park governance.⑶Results——First,economic factors and policy factors are potential incentives for the community residents to participate in the reform of conservation easement system.Economic factors mainly include subsidy demands,income from migrant workers,agricultural and forestry income and total income,while policy factors mainly include policy implementation,logging policy and policy publicity.Second,supporting measures are an important guarantee for the community residents to participate in the reform of conservation easement system,which mainly include government support,community construction,livelihood security and environmental education.Third,the cooperation of the local government is the"catalyst"for the community residents to participate in the reform of conservation easement system,which mainly includes building a dialogue platform and a feedback mechanism.⑷Conclusions and Discussions——Based on the above research conclusions,the following policy suggestions are put forward:First,improve the legislative mechanism and optimize the institutional environment for community participation.The rights,responsibilities and benefits of community residents in national park governance should be clarified through legislation,and the institutional cost of community participation should be reduced through formal system.Second,improve the livelihood alternative mechanism to ensure the sustainability of community residents'livelihoods.On one hand,establish a differentiated and hierarchical ecological compensation mechanism.On the other hand,provide the wildlife damage insurance and public welfare services,and allocatefunds to construct the villages.Third,improve the channels for social participation,and create a new governance pattern of national parks of co-construction,co-governance and co-sharing.Local governments should introduce some subsidy policies and preferential tax policies,and play a supervisory role.The national park authorities can raise more money through concessions,tickets revenue,and paid use of resources.
作者
傅一敏
张龙丹
万雨欣
冯冠豪
FU Yimin;ZHANG Longdan;WAN Yuxin;FENG Guanhao(Institute of Forestry Economics,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;College of Rural Revitalization,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Agricultural Technology Extension and Service Center,Minhou County Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Minhou 350100,China)
出处
《林业经济问题》
北大核心
2025年第2期122-130,共9页
Issues of Forestry Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金青年项目(23CGL031)
福建省社会科学基金青年项目(FJ2022C048)
绿色经济重大基础理论问题研究项目(72202202301)。
关键词
保护地役权制度
社区参与
钱江源国家公园
扎根理论
conservation easement system
community participation
Qianjiangyuan National Park
grounded theory
作者简介
傅一敏(1989-),男,湖北监利人,副教授,博士,从事土地制度改革方面的研究,(E-mail)yiminfafu@163.com。
