摘要
基于江西省2019-2021年的ADTD-2C三维闪电定位监测资料,从时间、空间、闪电电流极性、闪电电流幅值和闪电密度5个角度,分析对比短时强降水、雷暴大风和冰雹等强对流天气的闪电发生发展特征。研究结果表明:江西省2019-2021年强对流天气三维闪电主要集中发生在3-9月,闪电频数极大值出现在5月,日高位振荡在13-22时,峰值在17时。短时强降水闪电的月、日分布特征与强对流天气三维闪电整体特征一致,雷暴大风和冰雹的闪电活动集中期分别是5-8月和3-5月,雷暴大风闪电主要发生在午后和傍晚,冰雹闪电主要发生在晚上至凌晨。强对流天气三维闪电主要分布在吉安市、宜春市、赣州市和抚州市,短时强降水闪电主要分布在宜春市,雷暴大风闪电主要分布在赣州市。2019-2021年正云地闪占总云地闪比例是2005-2019年的3.94倍,正云闪占总云闪比例更大,其中雷暴大风正云闪比例最高。短时强降水和雷暴大风闪电每隔10 kA的雷电流幅值分布极值范围是(0 kA,10 kA],冰雹闪电极值范围是(10 kA,20 kA],强对流天气三维闪电主要集中在10 km以下,超过10 km后雷暴大风闪电相对更多,鲜有冰雹闪电。850 hPa、700 hPa、500 hPa三层的云闪高密度区与云地闪的高密度区对应关系比较好,闪电密度大于0.6次/(km^(2)·年)的区域面积从地面到500 hPa高度是逐层递减的。强对流闪电的雷电流幅值和密度分布特征一致表明,雷暴大风闪电发生发展的高度更高,且雷电流强度更大。强对流天气三维闪电活动特征分析为探索强对流预报预警中闪电指标的选取提供重要参考,同时也为闪电的预报预警工作提供坚实的数据支撑。
Based on the ADTD-2C three-dimensional lightning location and monitoring data of Jiangxi Province from 2019 to 2021,the occurrence and development characteristics of lightning during short-time severe precipitation,thunderstorm gale and hail processes are analyzed comparatively from five perspectives of time,space,lightning current polarity,lightning current amplitude and lightning density.The study results show that three-dimensional lightning associated with severe convections mainly occurred from March to September,and the maximum lightning frequency often appears in May.The daily high shocks tend to occur from 13:00 to 22:00 with peaks at 17:00.The monthly and daily distribution characteristics of lightning during short-time severe precipitation are generally consistent with the characteristics of three-dimensional lightning associated with severe convections.The concentrated periods of lightning activities during thunderstorm gale and hail processes are from May to August and from March to May,respectively.Lightning with thunderstorm gale mainly occurs in the afternoon and evening,and lightning with hail mainly from evening to early morning.Three-dimensional lightning of severe convections is mainly distributed in Ji′an,Yichun,Ganzhou and Fuzhou.Lightning of short-time severe precipitation is mainly distributed in Yichun,and that of thunderstorm gale mainly occurs in Ganzhou.The proportion of positive cloud-to-ground lightning in the total number from 2019 to 2021 is 3.94 times that of the 15-year record from 2005 to 2019.The proportion of positive cloud flash in the total number is even larger,among which the proportion of positive cloud flash of thunderstorm gale is the highest.The extreme range of lightning current amplitude with short-time severe precipitation and thunderstorm gale is(0 kA,10 kA],and the extreme range of lightning during hail processes is(10 kA,20 kA].Three-dimensional lightning of severe convections is mainly concentrated below 10 km,and there is more lightning during thunderstorm gale over the height of 10 km,but rare lightning with hail.The high-density areas at 850 hPa,700 hPa and 500 hPa correspond well with the high-density areas of the cloud-to-ground flash.The area of a lightning density greater than 0.6 times/(km^(2)·year)decreases from ground to the height of 500 hPa.The distribution characteristics of lightning current amplitude and density show that the occurrence and development height of lightning associated with thunderstorm gale is even higher,and the current intensity is even greater.In summary,this characteristic analysis of three-dimensional lightning activities during severe convections can provide an important reference for exploring the selection of lightning indicators in forecasting and early warning of severe convective weather,and also provide a solid data support for forecasting and early warning of lightning.
作者
夏雪
李嘉
邓虹霞
王荣珠
Xia Xue;Li Jia;Deng Hongxia;Wang Rongzhu(Jiangxi Climate Center,Nanchang 330029,China;Jiangxi Meteorological Observation Center,Nanchang 330029,China)
出处
《气象与环境科学》
2025年第1期88-95,共8页
Meteorological and Environmental Sciences
基金
2023年江西省防灾减灾工程技术研究中心专项(JX2023M18)
吉安市生态气象重点实验室重点项目(2022JEM101)。
关键词
三维闪电
强对流
闪电密度
雷电流幅值
江西省
three-dimensional lightning
severe convection
lightning density
lightning current amplitude
Jiangxi Province
作者简介
夏雪(1990-),女,江苏淮安人,工程师,硕士,从事雷电防护与应用和气候资源开发与应用研究.E-mail:1136294842@qq.com。
