治理语境下的行政约谈及其法治化

Administration Regulatory Talk and Its Legalization in the Context of Governance

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摘要行政约谈是政府治理创新的探索与实践,治理理论能为行政约谈提供科学指引。在治理语境下,行政约谈是一种独立的非强制性行政行为,具有互动性、协商性特征,可以影响行政裁量,但不应直接导致惩罚性后果;行政约谈具有以柔性方式督促被约谈方守法、及时预防和应对风险、以利益沟通促进民主决策、以对话协商促进合作治理等多重功能。在行政约谈实践中,出现将行政约谈形式化或变相为行政处罚、行政约谈由互动协商沦为单方强制、行政约谈侵权难以被认定为违法和提供有效救济等问题。因应中国治理变革的规律和发展趋势,应完善行政约谈的法治保障体系,明确行政约谈的非强制性,推动行政约谈双方权力—权利关系的均衡化、约谈适用的清晰化,增强行政约谈过程的互动性与约谈内容的公开性,改进行政系统内部的约谈评价机制,畅通行政约谈导致侵权损害的救济渠道,以推进行政约谈法治化。 Administrative regulatory talk is an exploratory practice of government governance innovation,for which governance theory can provide scientific guidance.In the context of governance,administrative regulatory talks are independent,non-coercive administrative actions with interactivity and consultation.They can influence administrative discretion but should not directly lead to punitive consequences.Administrative regulatory talks have multiple functions,such as encouraging interviewees to comply with the law flexibly,preventing and responding to risks timely,promoting democratic decision-making through the communication of interests,and fostering cooperative governance via dialogues and negotiation.However,in practice,administrative regulatory talks have become ritualistic without substantial significance or transformed into administrative penalties.The interactive negotiation has become unilateral coercion and it is difficult to identify regulatory talks infringements as illegal and to provide effective remedies.In response to the laws and governance reforms in China,it is necessary to improve the legal protection system for administrative regulatory talks,clarify their non-coercive nature,promote the balance of power–rights relationships between the parties involved,explain the applicability of administrative regulatory talks,enhance the interactivity of the interview process and the transparency of its content,improve the internal evaluation mechanism of administrative systems,and open up channels for remedying rights violations resulting from administrative regulatory talks to promote its legalization.

作者石佑启余相萍 SHI You-qi;YU Xiang-ping(School of Law,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan,430073;School of Law,Guangdong University of Foreign Studies,Guangzhou,510420)

机构地区中南财经政法大学广东外语外贸大学法学院

出处《云南社会科学》北大核心 2025年第2期61-74,共14页 Social Sciences in Yunnan

基金国家社会科学基金重大项目“营造市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境研究”(项目号:23ZDA056)的阶段性成果。

关键词行政约谈互动协商柔性治理合作治理法治化 Administrative Regulatory Talk Interactive Negotiation Flexible Governance Cooperative Governance Legalization

分类号 D912.1 [政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]

作者简介石佑启,男,中南财经政法大学博士生导师,广东外语外贸大学法学院教授,主要从事行政法基础理论、区域法治与地方立法研究;余相萍,女,中南财经政法大学博士研究生,主要从事行政法与行政诉讼法、互联网行政法治研究。