摘要
目的分析楚雄州手足口病不同型别毒株的分布情况、变化趋势和流行规律,为制定更为科学的疫情防控策略提供依据。方法采集2018—2022年楚雄州辖区10县(市)4622例手足口病病例的粪便标本,经处理后提取RNA,采用实时荧光定量反转录聚合酶链反应(real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR,real-time qRT-PCR)法进行病原学检测,应用SAS 9.4软件对实验数据进行统计分析。结果4622份病原学标本中,检出阳性3335份,阳性率为72.15%(3335/4622)。各型别病原阳性率分别为:CVA6(32.65%,1509/4622)、CVA16(26.98%,1247/4622)、EV-A71(6.25%,289/4622)、CVA10(1.64%,76/4622)、CVA4(0.24%,11/4622)、CVA2(0.19%,9/4622)、CVA6+A10(0.17%,8/4622)、CVA5(0.02%,1/4622)、E11(0.02%,1/4622)、CVA24(0,0/4622)、EV-A70(0,0/4622)、其他EV(3.98%,184/4622)。2018—2022年的阳性率为:58.41%(542/928)、72.52%(541/746)、76.64%(820/1070)、80.28%(790/984)、71.81%(642/894),阳性率呈逐年上升趋势(χ^(2)=7.669,P<0.001),其中阳性率居前四位的是元谋县84.82%(732/863)、大姚县84.32%(441/523)、永仁县81.31%(235/289)和禄丰市80.10%(314/392);发病人群主要集中在5岁以下儿童,占76.33%(3528/4622),男性阳性率(73.75%,1913/2594)高于女性(70.12%,1422/2028),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=7.460,P=0.006);夏秋季为流行季。结论2018—2022年楚雄州手足口病阳性率呈逐年上升,CVA6和CVA16为优势株,应根据流行特征,对重点地区、重点人群采取相应的预防控制措施。建议调整监测方案,推进手足口病多价联合疫苗的研发,通过疫苗接种降低手足口病发病率。
Objective To analyze the distribution,change trends,and epidemiological patterns of different strains of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)in Chuxiong prefecture,and to provide a scientific basis for developing effective epidemic prevention and control strategies.Methods From 2018 to 2022,fecal specimens from 4622 HFMD cases across ten counties(cities)in Chuxiong prefecture were collected.After processing,RNA was extracted,and pathogen detection was performed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR(real-time qRT-PCR).SAS 9.4 software was used for statistical analysis of experimental data.Results Among the 4622 samples,3335 were positive(72.15%,3335/4622),resulting in a positive rate of 72.15%(3335/4622).The positivity rates for different pathogens were as follows:CVA6(32.65%,1509/4622),CVA16(26.98%,1247/4622),EV-A71(6.25%,289/4622),CVA10(1.64%,76/4622),CVA4(0.24%,11/4622),CVA2(0.19%,9/4622),CVA6+A10(0.17%,8/4622),CVA5(0.02%,1/4622),E11(0.02%,1/4622),CVA24(0,0/4622),EV-A70(0,0/4622),and other EVs(3.98%,184/4622).The positive rate in each year were 58.41%(542/928),72.52%(541/746),76.64%(820/1070),80.28%(790/984),and 71.81%(642/894),showing a significant yearly increasing trend(χ^(2)=7.669,P<0.001).The top four positive rates were in Yuanmou county(84.82%,732/863),Dayao county(84.32%,441/523),Yongren county(81.31%,235/289),and Lufeng city(80.10%,314/392).The majority of cases were found in children under five years old,accounting for 76.33%(3528/4622).The positive rate among males(73.75%,1913/2594)was significantly higher than that of females(70.12%,1422/2028)(χ^(2)=7.460,P=0.006).The peak incidence occurred in summer and autumn.Conclusions From 2018 to 2022,the positive rate of HFMD in Chuxiong prefecture has shown a consistent increase from 2018 to 2022,with CVA6 and CVA16 identified as the predominant strains.Targeted prevention and control measures should be implemented based on epidemiological characteristics in key areas and populations.It is recommended to adjust monitoring strategies and promote the development of polyvalent combined vaccines so as to reduce the incidence of HFMD through vaccination.
作者
彭春娇
段云权
周思蕾
周璐
李存仙
丁启能
韦国清
夏古华
杨洋
PENG Chunjiao;DUAN Yunquan;ZHOU Silei;ZHOU Lu;LI Cunxian;DING Qineng;WEI Guoqing;XIA Guhua;YANG Yang(Chuxiong Prefecture Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Chuxiong,Yunnan 675000,China;不详)
出处
《中国病毒病杂志》
2024年第6期571-577,共7页
Chinese Journal of Viral Diseases
关键词
手足口病
病原学
核酸检测
流行特征
Hand,foot and mouth disease
Pathogen monitoring
Nucleic acid detection
Epidemiological characteristics
作者简介
彭春娇,主管检验师,主要从事微生物学、免疫学和分子生物学研究工作;通信作者:段云权,E-mail:504173040@qq.com。
