摘要
为探讨认知负荷对工人隐患识别行为的影响,首先,基于眼动追踪技术设计一套施工现场隐患识别认知试验,引入N-digit任务增加被试的认知负荷;然后,采集注视和扫视数据分析被试识别隐患时的注意力静态分配情况,挖掘扫描路径中的注意力动态转移特征;最后,以复视概率(RP)、移出概率(TP)和切换概率(SP)作为量化参数值对被试的扫描模式分类,从视觉行为表现层面探究认知负荷对隐患识别的具体影响。结果表明:认知负荷水平负向影响隐患识别绩效;高认知负荷条件下,被试表现出更长的首次注视时间、更少的注视次数和扫视次数,注视占比和平均注视时长没有显著性差异;根据注意力转移特征,将被试的扫描模式分为顺序检查、反复比对和随机发现3类;高认知负荷下,被试增加了顺序检查时处理单一隐患需要的时间而忽视检查其他隐患,减少反复比对时在隐患区域的注意力投入,仍保持注视点在不同区域间的快速、频繁切换,同时减少随机发现时对隐患区域的检查数量及检查时间。
In order to explore the effect of cognitive load on workers'hazard identification behavior,a cognitive experiment based on eye-tracking technology for construction site hazard identification was designed firstly.In this experiment,a N-digit task was introduced to increase the cognitive load.Secondly,the gaze and glance data were collected to analyze the static attention allocation,and the scanning path was processed to extract the dynamic transfer characteristics of attention.Finally,three parameters of variance review probability(RP),transition probability(TP)and switching probability(SP)were selected as the quantitative parameter values to classify the scanning patterns of hazard identification,which explored the influence of cognitive load on hidden hazard identification from the perspective of visual behavior performance.The results show that the level of cognitive load negatively affects hazard identification performance.The subjects with high cognitive load show longer first fixation time,fewer fixation counts and saccade counts,and there is no significant difference in fixation percentage and mean fixation duration.Additionally,based on the attention characteristics,three scanning patterns are identified:sequential inspection,repeated comparison and random discovery.With the improvement of cognitive load level,subjects will pay more attention to identifying single hazard but neglect others during sequential inspection,and reduce the attention in the hazard area but still keep the fixation point quickly and frequently switching during repeated comparison,while the number and time of inspection of hazard areas are reducing simultaneously during random discovery.
作者
邓宏泽
孔媛媛
徐晟
DENG Hongze;KONG Yuanyuan;XU Sheng(College of Economics and Management,Chang'an University,Xi'an Shaanxi 710064,China;Laboratory for Green Infrastructure Construction and Management,Xi'an Shaanxi 710064,China;Xi'an International Research Center for Data-driven Intelligent Transportation Management,Xi'an Shaanxi 710064,China)
出处
《中国安全科学学报》
北大核心
2025年第1期40-49,共10页
China Safety Science Journal
基金
国家自然科学基金资助(72371036)
中央高校基本科研业务费(300102234618,300102234501)
陕西省创新能力支撑计划(2024GH-GHJD-16)。
关键词
认知负荷
施工现场
隐患识别
眼动试验
视觉行为
扫描模式
cognitive load
construction site
hazard identification
eye-tracking experiment
visual behaviors
scanning patterns
作者简介
邓宏泽(2000-),男,广西梧州人,硕士研究生,研究方向为施工行为安全管理。E-mail:2022123060@chd.edu.cn;徐晟,副教授。
