摘要
视线不良是公路交叉口夜间事故多发的重要因素。利用能够感知交通信息并自动调节亮度的智慧路灯改善交叉口支路的照明条件,能够实现以较低的电力消耗提高交叉口夜间安全水平,其中支路照明距离与照度-车速方案的协同优化十分重要。为将驾驶人视觉搜索能力维持在合理水平,研究了照明和车速的协同作用对驾驶人视觉搜索范围的影响,并以视觉搜索范围为约束优化支路照明距离与照明-车速之间的协同方案,以满足驾驶人视认性的需求。首先建立基于视点坐标在空间中透视映射理论的驾驶人视觉搜索范围计算方法。然后利用模拟驾驶平台搭建6种车速和4种照度的双因素耦合场景,以机动车与双侧支路随机出现行人和自行车之间的冲突作为冲突事件,利用眼动仪采集驾驶人在不同场景下的视点坐标,用于计算车辆驶入交叉口时驾驶人的视觉搜索范围。最后构建了基于多元高斯过程回归的视觉搜索范围与照度和车速的关系模型,并结合交叉口照度与车速之间匹配方案计算了不同车速下的支路最小照明距离。结果表明:当照度低于临界值时,驾驶人的视觉搜索范围不会随照度的提升发生显著变化,具体而言,对于车速低于50、60 km·h^(-1)和高于70 km·h^(-1)三种情况,对应的照度临界值分别为12、24、36 lx。此外,30、40、50、60、70 km·h^(-1)车速对应交叉口支路的最小照明距离分别为27.59、29.91、32.71、35.74、38.68 m。因此,当检测到交叉口进口车道内车速增加时,需要在提高支路照度的同时增加支路照明距离,以留给驾驶人足够的视觉搜索空间及时发现支路出现的冲突事件。
Compromised vision of drivers is an important factor in the frequent occurrence of night-time accidents at highway intersections.Smart street lights can sense traffic information and automatically adjust luminance;their use improves the lighting conditions of branch roads at intersections,thereby reducing night-time accident rates by utilizing lower electricity consumption.Collaborative optimization of the branch lighting distance,illuminance scheme,and vehicle speed are crucial to this problem.To maintain the driver's visual search capability at a reasonable level,this study investigated the collaborative influence of illumination and vehicle speed on the driver's visual search range and propose a coordinated scheme for the lighting distance of branch road and illuminance-vehicle speed,considering the constraints of visual search requirements.First,a calculation method for the visual search range based on perspective mapping theory using viewpoint coordinates was established.Second,a simulated driving platform was used to construct coupled experimental scenarios,including six vehicle speeds and four illuminances.Conflicts between vehicles,pedestrians,and cyclists randomly appearing on the left and right sides of the intersections were used as conflict events.Eye tracking was used to collect drivers'viewpoint coordinates in different scenarios and calculate the visual search range when approaching intersections.Finally,the relationship among illuminance,vehicle speed,and visual search range was established based on multi-variate Gaussian process regression.By combining the matching scheme between vehicle speed and illuminance for branch roads,the minimum lighting distances for branch roads were calculated for different vehicle speeds.The results indicate that the visual search range of the driver does not change significantly with an increase in illuminance when the illuminance is below a critical value.Specifically,for vehicle speeds below 50 and 60 km·h^(-1),and above 70 km·h^(-1),the corresponding critical illuminance values are 12,24,and 36 lx,respectively.In addition,the minimum lighting distances for branch roads corresponding to speeds of 30,40,50,60,and 70 km·h^(-1)are 27.59,29.91,32.71,35.74,and 38.68 m,respectively.Therefore,when increasing the speed of vehicles near intersections,it is necessary to increase the lighting distance of the branches while increasing the illuminance.This leaves sufficient visual search space for drivers to observe conflict events from the branches in a timely manner.
作者
李洪涛
王琳虹
LI Hong-tao;WANG Lin-hong(School of Civil Engineering and Transportation,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China;Transportation College,Jilin University,Changchun 130022,Jilin,China)
出处
《中国公路学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第8期275-288,共14页
China Journal of Highway and Transport
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(71971097,52172385)
吉林省中青年科技创新卓越人才(团队)项目(20230508048RC)
关键词
交通工程
公路交叉口
视觉搜索范围
车速
照明距离
协同优化
交通安全
traffic engineering
highway intersection
visual search range
vehicle speed
lighting distance
collaborative optimization
traffic safety
作者简介
李洪涛(1995-),男,黑龙江哈尔滨人,工学博士,E-mail:hongtaoli1995@126.com;通讯作者:王琳虹(1984-),女,吉林长春人,教授,博士研究生导师,工学博士,E-mail:wanghonglin0520@126.com。
