摘要
敦煌文献中发现了大量题名为“患文”的佛教发愿文,其主要内容和疾病有关,是佛教相关法会上念诵的应用文书。患文中一般有对病人生病原因的陈述,可分为“寒暑乖违”“四大不调”等气候因素及“毁坏生灵”“草菅人命”等道德性因素,这构成了我们认识古人疾病观的重要基础。除此之外,患文里还写到求助佛教的原因为“药石频投”“求遍人间医王”而未愈,充分说明中古时期民众面对疾病的无助以及投向宗教的心路历程,体现出当时的医疗观及古人面对疾病时的医疗选择。患斋在患者家里举行,家人为施主,在文末的回向中也有对家人或七世祖的祈愿,体现了浓厚的家庭及亲情色彩。敦煌患文抛却了生冷的灾疫叙事,体现了对个体生命的关怀。
A large number of Buddhist vow texts titled“Healing Liturgies”have been discovered in the Dunhuang manuscripts.Their main content is related to diseases and they were recited during Buddhist healing rituals.The Healing Liturgies classified the causes of patients’illnesses into climatic factors such as“abnormal cold and heat”and“imbalance of the four elements”,as well as moral factors such as“destroying living beings”and“trampling on human lives”,which constitutes an important basis for our understanding of the concept of human disease then time.In addition,the Healing Liturgies mentioned that the reason for seeking help from Buddhism was“searching for doctors all over the world”,which fully shows the helplessness of the people in the face of disease in the middle ancient times and the psychological process of seeking religious treatment,reflecting the medical concept at that time and the medical choice of people in the face of disease.The Healing Liturgies ceremony was held in the patient’s home,with family members as the sponsors.In the dedication at the end of the text,there were also prayers for family members or seven generations of ancestors,which demonstrated a strong sense of family and kinship.The Dunhuang Healing Liturgies abandoned the cold narrative of disasters and epidemics and reflected the concern for individual lives.
作者
杨宝玉
马托弟
Yang Baoyu;Ma Tuodi
出处
《中州学刊》
北大核心
2025年第2期143-150,共8页
Academic Journal of Zhongzhou
基金
中国博士后科学基金第74批面上项目“晚唐五代宋初敦煌医疗社会史研究”(2023M743862)
中国社会科学院博士后创新项目“晚唐五代宋初敦煌医疗社会史研究”。
关键词
敦煌
患文
佛教仪式
疗疾
Dunhuang
Dunhuang Healing Liturgies
Buddhist ceremony
Healing disease
作者简介
杨宝玉,女,中国社会科学院古代史研究所研究员、博士生导师(北京100101);马托弟,女,中国社会科学院古代史研究所助理研究员(北京100101)。
