摘要
社祭在传统中国一直是被极为看重的官方祭礼,也是民众广泛参与的民俗活动。但在归义军时期的敦煌,社祭似乎有逐渐衰落乃至消亡的趋势。敦煌文献表明,这一公共礼仪的变迁,除了社会变革所带来信仰世界的改易这一因素之外,更为重要的是中国式宗教精神促成的万神殿新陈代谢的普遍规律在起作用,即神祗的“碎化”:社神职能被诸多新兴神祗所取代或其他传统神祗所侵夺。种植业方面有青苗神和葡萄神,畜牧业方面有驼马神、马神、官羊神,承担风调雨顺职责的有玉女娘子、风伯、雨师以及张女郎神等,社神存在的合法性被抽空, 由此逐步淡出历史舞台。
The She (社) Ceremony remained one of the most important official rites in Dunhuang for a long time and was a popular activity involving the participation of the mass of the people. However, it tended to decline and even wither away in the Gui-yi-jun period. A study of the Dunhuang documents shows that, in addition to transitions in the world of belief brought about by social transformations, a more important factor contributing to the decline of this public rite may be the replacement of the old with the new which characterizes Chinese-style religious spirit. The She god lost its position as it was replaced by other gods, new or old, functioning in various particular fields.
出处
《历史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2006年第3期59-73,共15页
Historical Research
