摘要
【目的】探究水分胁迫对北红葡萄果实品质及有机酸合成相关基因表达量的影响。【方法】以9年生北红葡萄为试材,在花后18 d,开始进行无胁迫(对照CK)、水涝胁迫(T1)和干旱胁迫(T2)处理,测定葡萄百粒质量及总酚、单宁和有机酸含量等生理指标。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)技术,检测与有机酸生物合成途径相关基因的表达水平。【结果】与对照相比,在花后85~105 d时,T2处理可提高可溶性固形物和花色苷含量,降低可滴定酸和有机酸含量。和T2处理相比,T1处理可提高IDH、PEPC和MDH基因的表达量,T1处理的PEPC基因表达量在各生长阶段均有所上升,在花后25~45 d时,T2处理抑制了IDH和CS基因的表达。【结论】适度的水分胁迫可以提高果实品质和有机酸含量,研究结果为贺兰山东麓北红葡萄栽培管理和水分高效利用提供理论依据。
【Objective】Water stress refers to the phenomenon in that the normal physiological function of plants is disrupted due to inadequate or excessive soil water.This condition is mainly categorized as waterlogging stress and drought stress.In response to the imperative for developing water-saving agriculture,effective control of soil water content has been employed to impact plant growth,fruit quality,fruit physiological indicators,and fruit gene expression.Beihong grape is a novel variety characterized by cold resistance and disease resistance that was initially selected in 1965.It is well-suited for cultivation in northern regions and exhibits strong cold resistance.The aim of this study was to examine the effects of water stress on grape berry quality and elucidate the pattern of organic acid accumulation in grapes under different soil water content conditions.【Methods】The nine-year-old Eurasian grapevines of Beihong was chosen as the experimental material.T1(soil relative water content 65%-80%,waterlogging stress),T2(soil relative water content 40%-55%,drought stress),and CK(soil relative water content 55%-65%,control)were established on the 18th day after flowering.The basic quality(100 grain weight,soluble solids,titrable acids,total phenols,tannins and anthocyanins)and accumulation of organic acids in grape berries were measured.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was utilized to detect the expression of genes related to organic acid synthesis.【Results】Under water stress condition,100 grain mass of grapes decreased with the decrease of soil water content.On the whole,T2 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in 100 grain mass of grapes,while T1 treatment increased 100 grain mass of grapes.The soluble solids content increased gradually with grape ripening,and T2 treatment was significantly higher than other treatments,while T1 treatment was not conducive to the accumulation of soluble solids.Under T1 condition,the titrable acid content of grapes was lower from the berry expansion stage to the early stage of veraison,and T1 treatment resulted in fruit volume increase and acid concentration dilution.However,from the later stage of veraison to the mature stage,the titrable acid content with T1 was significantly higher than that with other treatments,and drought stress was significantly lower than that with other treatments,indicating that moderate water stress could reduce the acid content of grapes and accelerate berry ripening,thereby improving fruit quality.The contents of total phenol and tannin in berries showed a similar trend.At the initial stage of treatment,the contents of total phenol and tannin were higher under drought stress condition,but decreased with the progress of treatment.This indicated that short-term drought stress was beneficial to the accumulation of total phenol and tannin in berries,while long-term drought stress was not.Anthocyanins in grapes showed a trend of single-peak increase.At 105th day after flowering,the content of anthocyanins in T2 was the highest,while the content of anthocyanins in T1 treatment was always significantly lower than that in CK and T1 treatments.Anthocyanins are compounds formed by the interaction of anthocyanins and glycogroups,and water stress promoted the accumulation of sugars,thus affecting the accumulation of anthocyanins.The contents of malic and citric acids increased first and then decreased,and malic and citric acids reached their highest values on 45th day after flowering.The effects of water stress on malic and citric acids were similar to those of tartaric acid.With the increase of treatment time,the content of malic and citric acids decreased significantly under drought stress condition,and water stress promoted the accumulation of malic and citric acids before the veraison stage.Different degrees of water stress could regulate the malic acid anion channel and the activity of malic acid moving protein on the membrane,thus affecting the transport of malic acid.Water stress affected genes related to organic acid synthesis in grape.The expression levels of VvIDH and VvPEPC were higher from 45 to 65 days after flowering,while the contents of tartaric,malic and citric acids were higher at this stage,which was closely related to the accumulation of organic acids in the early stage of veraison.The expression levels of VvCS and VvMDH in grapes were higher from 85 to 105 days after flowering.Overall,T1 treatment could induce the expression of genes related to organic acid synthesis,while T2 treatment inhibited the expression of genes related to organic acid synthesis at the later stage of treatment.【Conclusion】Soil water stress affected fruit quality and organic acid content.Drought stress treatment with 40%to 55%soil water content after color transformation significantly reduced 100 grain weight and titrable acid content,and drought stress treatment with 40%to 55%soil water content at berry maturity significantly reduced organic acid content.Drought stress can improve the berry quality of Beihong grape to some extent,and affect the expression of genes related to organic acid accumulation and synthesis.
作者
王佳悦
李光宗
李娟
单守明
李翔
WANG Jiayue;LI Guangzong;LI Juan;SHAN Shouming;LI Xiang(School of Enology and Horticulture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China;School of Forestry and Grassland Industry,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,Ningxia,China)
出处
《果树学报》
北大核心
2025年第2期266-275,共10页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2022BBF03019)
宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03093)。
作者简介
王佳悦,在读硕士研究生,研究方向为葡萄抗逆栽培与分子生物学。E-mail:ndhwjy@126.com;通信作者:单守明.E-mail:fxssm@163.com;通信作者:李翔.E-mail:lixiangphd@nxu.edu.cn。
