摘要
WTO法与作为国际组织的WTO相辅相成,是包括庞大的条约法及有关法律文件或渊源的复杂体系。WTO法的'伞形'条约结构涵盖了'一揽子协定'及诸边协定,还有大量货物或服务贸易的减让表与新加入WTO成员的议定书及附件。WTO争端解决的条约解释是'活的'WTO法。WTO法的许多'惯例'也是重要的组成部分。反思WTO的二十年,可以发现其具有争端解决的强制管辖、丰富的条约解释等优点,但也显然存在决策机制效率低、区域贸易安排缺少协调和争端解决的贸易救济不够等缺点。针对'WTO法是模范国际法'的观点,本文认为应作具体分析,避免一概而论,不应全盘肯定。展望WTO法的未来,中国需要WTO,WTO也需要中国。中国应当积极参与新的国际经贸法律秩序的建设;同时,中国必须加快国内经济社会等各方面改革,促进经济发展模式的改变,朝着以制度创新、技术创新为导向的发展道路迈进。只有中国自身真正强大到足以替代美国的经贸地位时,包括更加健全的WTO法在内,新的国际经贸法律秩序才可能形成。
The law of WTO is in coexistence with the WTO as an international organization,including an“umbrella”structure of large and complex system of many treaties and legal documents as well as other sources,and also huge number of schedules on goods and service,the protocols of new Members of the WTO.The interpretation of treaties in WTO dispute settlement is the“living”law of WTO.Many“practices”of the WTO law is also an important part.Critically rethinking 20 years of the WTO,it could be found that there are advantages such as compulsory jurisdiction and plenty of treaty interpretations,but some disadvantages should also be taken into account,such as low efficiency of decision-making,lacking of well coordination of RTAs and insufficient remedies of WTO dispute settlement.Regarding the idea that the WTO law is the model of international law,the paper suggests that it must be analyzed case by case.China should trust the future of WTO and bear in mind that keeping up domestic reform,increasing opening-up and improving the overall national strength will be the key for China to participate in the new international economic legal order.
出处
《国际经济法学刊》
CSSCI
2015年第3期35-55,共21页
Journal of International Economic Law
作者简介
张乃根,复旦大学特聘教授,法学博士。
