摘要
本文通过把剩余劳动区分为静态剩余和动态剩余 ,将发展经济学中关于农业剩余劳动两种对立的观点协调起来。静态意义上的剩余劳动在任何时候任何地方都是不存在的。中国农村在改革开放前不存在剩余劳动 ,只是在农业生产责任制推行之后才出现剩余劳动。中国的城乡劳动力转移主要是就地转移 ,向城市迁移的规模较小 ,这种状况是由城乡分割制度造成的。在过去2 0年中 ,中国农业劳动力转移对社会总量劳动生产率增长的贡献平均是 2 5% ,对国民经济增长的贡献接近 2 0 %。
Agricultural surplus labor in development economics has two definitions:static surplus and dynamic surplus. We argued that there is not static surplus in reality and all surplus labor is dynamic in developing countries. There did not exist agricultural surplus labor before the reform and open policy in China. Surplus labor began to appear only when the production responsibility system was enforced in rural area. Then we analyze the transfer of agricultural labor, examining the size and characteristics of agricutltural labor transfer in China. Since 1978, surplus labor forces were largely transferred into rural industry and immigration into urban area from rural area was not impressive relatively. Finally, we estimate the contribution of labor transfer on total labor productivity and growth of national economy using Chenery's approach. In the past two decades since reform, the contribution of labor transfer on total labor productivity and aggregate growth is about 25% and 20% respectively in China.
出处
《世界经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2002年第12期25-32,共8页
The Journal of World Economy
基金
国家社科基金项目
教育部跨世纪人才基金项目"发展中国家后发优势研究"课题的中间成果
