摘要
Among cultural ecosystem services,aesthetic value is one of the most strongly related to humans.Thescientific assessment of the aesthetic value of cultural ecosystem services plays a vital role in achieving the refinedmanagement of national park ecosystems.In the current study,Qianjiangyuan National Park in China was taken asan example,three typical types of aesthetic ecosystem services(AESs)were extracted,and an AES evaluationindex system was constructed by combining the cultural attributes and landscape aesthetic value of national parks.Tourists’value perception of AESs was analyzed based on 542 valid survey questionnaires,and the influences ofvarious demographic characteristics were explored using one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA).Based on this,the importance and overall level of various AESs in national parks were systematically evaluated using the entropymethod and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method.The results reveal the following.(1)Tourists believe thatnational parks have natural,cultural,and social aesthetic service value.The value perception of physical andmental health services is the highest(2.44),while that of spiritual worship services is the lowest(1.86).(2)Differentdemographic characteristics have significant impacts on the value perception of aesthetic services.The greater thenumber of visits to the national park,the higher the tourists’value perception of primitive wilderness,spiritual worship,folk culture,and human settlement services.Moreover,tourists visiting the national park for research purposeshave the highest value perception of natural ASEs.(3)There are cognitive differences in the importance of variousAESs:cultural aesthetic services(0.8473)>natural aesthetic services(0.7032)>social aesthetic services(0.5780).Moreover,tourists consider spiritual worship services to be the most important(0.3695).(4)The value perceptionevaluation of the AESs of the national park is generally high,with a comprehensive evaluation score of 4.11,amongwhich the value of physical and mental health services is the highest(4.44)and that of folk culture aesthetic services is the lowest(3.79).The results of this study are helpful for further improving the management level of nationalpark ecosystems.
美学价值是与人类关系最为紧密的生态系统文化服务类型之一。科学评估生态系统文化服务的美学价值,对于实现国家公园生态系统精细化管理具有重要作用。本文以钱江源国家公园体制试点区为例,结合国家公园文化属性与景观美学价值,提炼出3种典型美学服务类型,并构建生态系统美学服务评价指标体系。通过542份有效调查问卷,分析游客对生态系统美学服务的价值认知,采用单因素方差探究人口特征对其影响。在此基础上,利用熵值法和模糊综合评价法对国家公园各项生态系统美学服务的重要性与总体水平进行系统评估。结果表明:(1)游客认为国家公园具有自然美学、人文美学与社会美学服务价值,身心健康服务的价值认知程度最高(2.44),心灵崇拜服务的价值认知程度最低(1.86);(2)不同人口特征对美学服务价值认知存在显著影响。游览次数越多对原始荒野、心灵崇拜、民俗文化和人居环境服务的价值认知程度越高,以科研考察作为目的的游客对自然生态美学服务价值认知程度最高;(3)各项生态系统美学服务的重要性存在认知差异,人文美学服务(0.8473)>自然美学服务(0.7032)>社会美学服务(0.5780),游客认为心灵崇拜服务最重要(0.3695)。(4)国家公园生态系统美学服务的价值认知评价整体较高,综合评价得分为4.11,其中身心健康服务价值最高(4.44)、民俗文化服务最低(3.79)。研究结果有利于进一步提升国家公园生态系统管理水平。
基金
The National Natural Science Foundation of China(52008389)
The Fundamental Research Funds of ICBR(1632021030)。
作者简介
First author:WANG Peng,E-mail:wangpeng@caf.ac.cn;Corresponding author:MA Ting,E-mail:17400198@muc.edu.cn。
