摘要
作为知识密集型生产要素,大数据的集聚效应并不是古典经济学中“投入—产出”的必然结果,而是建立在与要素禀赋相匹配的技术能力基础之上。本文基于适宜性技术进步理论,构建了大数据要素集聚、技术能力缺口及空间放大效应对生产率区域差距影响的理论框架,并使用2011—2021年县级面板数据进行实证检验。研究发现,大数据要素集聚扩大了集聚地与前沿地区的生产率差距,上述结论在多种稳健性检验中均成立。结合大数据要素的非稀缺性、知识密集性和场景依赖性等异质性特征,本文把技术能力这一“黑箱”打开,并将其分解为数据获取能力和数据应用能力,发现两类能力缺口均抑制了大数据要素集聚对全要素生产率提升的赋能效应,这是大数据要素集聚扩大生产率区域差距的重要原因。进一步研究发现,大数据要素存储与使用的空间分离特性强化并放大了技术能力对生产率区域差距的影响,即存在空间放大效应。本文揭示了大数据要素集聚激发生产率赋能效应的技术能力条件,并为中国发挥大数据要素规模报酬递增优势以及促进区域协调发展提供了理论借鉴。
After more than four decades of rapid growth under reform and opening,the economic growth dependent on traditional factor inputs has gradually slowed,and the Chinese economy now faces structural challenges,including a lack of new growth drivers and unbalanced regional development.With the rapid advancement of digital technologies,big data,as a fundamental and decisive new factor in digital economy production,increasingly enhances total factor productivity(TFP),offering a potential solution to the growth constraints of traditional factor inputs.In this context,big data is expanding rapidly and clustering within specific regions.Consequently,the productivity-enhancing effects of big data agglomeration are anticipated to serve as a catalyst for fostering high-quality regional economic growth and coordinated regional development.However,the regional disparities in TFP within China are widening,indicating a clear deviation between policy intentions and regional outcomes,highlighting a need for an in-depth investigation into the underlying causes of this disparity.Based on this,this paper constructs county-level indicators to assess regional productivity disparities and technological capability gaps,aiming to explore the economic relationships among big data factor agglomeration,technological capability gaps,and regional TFP disparity.This paper finds that big data factor agglomeration significantly intensifies the productivity disparity between agglomerated and frontier regions.This disparity arises from the unrealized productivity-enhancing potential of big data,which is constrained by gaps in data acquisition and application capabilities.In other words,technological capability gaps inhibit big data’s productivity-enhancing effects.Additionally,spatial separation in big data storage and utilization further amplifies these regional productivity disparities through spatial effects.These findings validate this paper’s proposition that“the agglomeration effect of big data is not an automatic outcome of classical‘input-output’dynamics but requires a foundation of essential technological capabilities”.The potential contributions of this paper are as follows.Firstly,it analyzes the technical prerequisites for the big data factor to achieve productivity-enhancing effects from the standpoint of technological capabilities,offering insights into why big data factor agglomeration may widen regional productivity disparity.Secondly,based on the theory of appropriate technological progress,it establishes a theoretical framework and transmission mechanism that illustrates how big data factor agglomeration,technological capability gaps,and spatial amplification effects shape regional productivity disparities.Thirdly,this paper calculates TFP at the county level across China from 2011 to 2021 and develops technological capability indicators using data from national business registrations,matching these with county-level data,thereby providing a useful reference for macro-level research.Lastly,presenting novel findings on big data factor agglomeration and regional productivity disparities,this paper contributes fresh empirical evidence for productivity convergence and coordinated regional development in the digital economy era.It offers a reference framework for policy decisions aimed at maximizing the economic multiplier and productivity-enabling effects of the big data factor to drive high-quality growth.
作者
张国胜
严鹏
李欣珏
杜鹏飞
ZHANG Guo-sheng;YAN Peng;LI Xin-jue;DU Peng-fei(School of Economics,Yunnan University;Institute of Yunnan Digital Economy,Yunnan University;The State Information Center)
出处
《中国工业经济》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第10期118-136,共19页
China Industrial Economics
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“推进以农业转移人口市民化为首要任务的新型城镇化研究”(批准号21ZDA068)
国家社会科学基金重点项目“户籍制度城乡双向改革与新型城镇化研究”(批准号20AJL012)。
关键词
大数据要素
技术能力缺口
全要素生产率
集聚
区域差距
big data factor
technological capability gaps
TFP
agglomeration
regional disparities
作者简介
张国胜,云南大学经济学院、云南数字经济研究院教授,经济学博士;通讯作者:严鹏,云南大学经济学院博士研究生,电子邮箱:whutyp@163.com;李欣珏,云南大学经济学院、云南数字经济研究院副教授,统计学博士;杜鹏飞,国家信息中心博士后,经济学博士。
