摘要
目的分析2017—2023年荆州市肾综合征出血热(hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome,HFRS)流行特征以及宿主动物监测情况,为荆州市HFRS防控提供依据。方法通过中国疾病预防控制信息管理系统收集HFRS病例资料,用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。2017年秋季开始鼠密度监测工作,每年春季(4—5月)和秋季(9—10月)在荆州市8个县(市、区),采用夹夜法开展宿主动物调查,采集鼠肺标本送湖北省疾病预防控制中心检测汉坦病毒。结果2017—2023年荆州市累计报告HFRS病例1112例,年均报告发病率为2.91/10万。从2017年(2.18/10万)开始波动上升,2020年达到高峰(5.67/10万),之后逐年下降至2023年的最低值(0.71/10万)。男女性别比为2.60∶1;82.82%(921/1112)的病例主要集中在40~<75岁年龄组;农民占73.47%(817/1112);季节分布呈大小双峰分布特征,5—7月为发病大高峰,11月—次年1月为发病小高峰。年均报告发病率居前三位的地区分别为江陵县(8.18/10万)、公安县(4.63/10万)、监利市(3.69/10万)。2017—2023年荆州市鼠密度为4.04%(1680/41612),鼠带毒率为8.59%(96/1118),各年HFRS发病率与鼠密度、鼠带毒率均无明显相关性(r值分别为0.335、-0.038,P均>0.05)。结论2017—2023年荆州市HFRS疫情先升后降,宿主动物监测工作需进一步完善加强,疫情防控重点是在疫情高发季节在高发地区开展防鼠灭鼠、对重点人群开展疫苗接种、健康宣教等综合措施。
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)as well as host animal surveillance in Jingzhou City from 2017 to 2023,so as to provide evidence for the prevention and control of HFRS in Jingzhou City.Methods HFRS case data were collected through the Chinese Disease Control and Prevention Information Management System and analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Rat density monitoring started in the spring of 2017,and the host animal survey was conducted in eight counties of Jingzhou City in spring(April-May)and fall(September-October)every year with rat traps which were deployed by the clip and night method.Lung samples of captured rats were collected and sent to the Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)for testing of Hantavirus.Results The cumulative number of HFRS cases reported in Jingzhou City from 2017 to 2023 was 1112,with an average annual reported incidence rate of2.91/105.The incidence rate started to showing a fluctuating upward trend from 2017(2.18/105),peaked in 2020(5.67/105),then declined year by year,and reached to the lowest in 2023(0.71/105).The ratio of male to female cases was 2.60∶1;the ages of the cases were mainly concentrated in the group of 40-<75 years old,accounting for 82.82%(921/1112);farmers accounted for73.47%(817/1112)of the total cases.Seasonal distribution showed one large peak and one small peak,which occurred between May-July and between November-January,respectively.The three regions with the highest annual reported incidence were Jiangling County(8.18/10^(5)),Gongan County(4.63/10^(5))and Jianli City(3.69/10^(5)).The rat density in Jingzhou City from 2017 to2023 was 4.04%(1680/41612),and the rate of virus carrying in the rats was 8.59%(96/1118).There was no significant correlation between the incidence of HFRS and rodent density and the rate of virus carrying in the rats each year(r=0.335 and-0.038,respectively;both P>0.05).Conclusions From 2017 to 2023,HFRS incidence in Jingzhou City first increased and then decreased.The monitoring of host animals needs to be further improved and strengthened.The focus of prevention and control is to carry out comprehensive measures such as rat prevention and control,vaccination and health education for key populations in high-incidence areas during the high-incidence season.
作者
宋开发
黄继贵
陈建勇
贺启文
王丽
SONG Kaifa;HUANG Jigui;CHEN Jianyong;HE Qiwen;WANG Li(Institute for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases,Jingzhou Centerfor Disease Control and Prevention,Jingzhou,Hubei 434000,China;School of Clinical Medicine,Hubei College of Chinese Medicine)
出处
《现代疾病预防控制》
2024年第12期917-921,共5页
MODERN DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION
基金
荆州市2023年医疗卫生科技计划项目(2023HC38)。
关键词
肾综合征出血热
宿主动物监测
鼠密度
带毒率
荆州市
Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Host animal monitoring
Rat density
Virus carrying rate
Jingzhou City
作者简介
宋开发,副主任医师,硕士,研究方向:传染病防控;通信作者:陈建勇,E-mail:34823495@qq.com。
