摘要
目的针对过敏性患者的过敏原特异性IgE检测结果进行统计分析,观察过敏原的分布及其流行趋势。方法收集2018年1月~2023年12月在空军军医大学第二附属医院皮肤科门诊就诊的12486例疑似过敏性疾病患者的过敏原特异性IgE检测结果,统计各种过敏原的阳性率分布及其在不同年龄、性别、季节分组间的差异。结果12486例疑似过敏性疾病患者中过敏原特异性IgE阳性结果5109例,阳性率为40.92%。不同性别组间,男性过敏原阳性率为45.41%(2371/5221),女性过敏原阳性率为37.69%(2738/7265),男女之间阳性率差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=74.99,P<0.001)。不同年龄组间过敏原阳性率3~<6岁组最高(60.00%),6~<18岁组次之(54.92%),≥60岁最低(29.18%),不同年龄组间过敏原阳性率差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=344.97,P<0.001)。整体过敏原阳性率排在前三位的是牛奶(11.73%)、矮豚草/蒿/律草/藜(11.43%)、户尘螨(10.82%),牛奶和户尘螨的阳性率有逐年上升的趋势。不同季节组间过敏原阳性率最高是夏季(42.28%),秋季(41.32%)次之,冬季(38.31%)最低,四季间过敏原阳性率差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.09,P=0.028)。矮豚草/蒿/律草/藜秋季阳性率最高(15.75%),牛奶(14.59%)和鸡蛋白(2.58%)夏季阳性率最高,矮豚草/蒿/律草/藜、牛奶和鸡蛋白的阳性率在四季间的差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=92.50,70.45,8.10,均P<0.05)。过敏原特异性IgE存在多重阳性情况,单一阳性占22.18%,双重及双重以上阳性占18.92%。食入性的阳性检测结果主要分布在低级别,而吸入性的阳性检测结果在高级别分布较多,尤其是矮豚草/蒿/律草/藜的阳性检测结果在级别6分布最多。结论西安地区不同类型过敏原在不同性别、年龄、季节间分布特点不同,阳性结果分布级别不同,并且存在多重阳性结果,应根据本地区过敏原分布特点合理安排饮食起居,规避风险,降低过敏性疾病的发生概率。
Objective To statistically analyze the allergen-specific IgE test results for allergic patients and observe the distribution of allergens and their prevalence trends.Methods Allergen-specific IgE test results were collected from 12486 patients with suspected allergic diseases who attended the outpatient clinic of the Department of Dermatology of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2018 to December 2023,and the distribution of the positivity rate of various allergens and their differences among different age,gender and seasonal subgroups were statistically analyzed.Results Allergen-specific IgE positive results were found in 5109 cases out of 12486 patients with suspected allergic diseases,with a positive rate of 40.92%.Between different gender groups,the allergen positivity rate were 45.41%(2371/5221)in males and 37.69%(2738/7265)in females,respectively,and the difference in positivity rate between males and females was statistically significant(χ^(2)=74.99,P<0.001).The allergen positivity rate among different age groups was highest in the 3~<6 years group(60.00%),followed by the 6~<18 years group(54.92%),and lowest in the≥60 years group(29.18%),with statistically significant differences in allergen positivity rates among different age groups(χ^(2)=344.97,P<0.001).The top three overall allergen positivity rates were milk(11.73%),dwarf ragweed/artemisia/rudolfia/quinoa(11.43%)and house dust mite(10.82%),and the positivity rates of milk and house dust mite had a tendency to increase year by year.The highest allergen positivity rate among groups in different seasons was in summer(42.28%),followed by fall(41.32%)and lowest in winter(38.31%),and the difference in allergen positivity rates among the four seasons was statistically significant(χ^(2)=9.09,P=0.028).Dwarf ragweed/artemisia/rutabaga/quinoa had the highest positivity rate in the fall(15.75%),while milk(14.59%)and egg white(2.58%)had the highest positivity rates in the summer,and the differences in the positivity rates of dwarf ragweed/artemisia/rutabaga/quinoa,milk and egg white between the four seasons were statistically significant(χ^(2)=92.50,70.45,8.10,all P<0.05).Multiple positives were present for allergen-specific IgE,with 22.18%single positives and 18.92%double and more than double positives.Positive test results for ingestion were mainly distributed in the lower levels,while positive test results for inhalation were more distributed in the higher levels,especially for dwarf ragweed/artemisia/rutabaga/quinoa,which were most distributed in level 6.Conclusion Different types of allergens have different distribution characteristics among different genders,ages and seasons,the distribution levels of positive results are different,and there are multiple positive results.Based on the distribution characteristics of allergens in the region,rational arrangement of the dietary and living shoule be mode to avoid the risks and to reduce the probability of the occurrence of allergic diseases.
作者
翟达
王文婷
桂玉婷
张利军
白重阳
丁聪聪
翟鸿烨
ZHAI Da;WANG Wenting;GUI Yuting;ZHANG Lijun;BAI Chongyang;DING Congcong;ZHAI Hongye(Department of Dermatology,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University,Xi’an 710038,China;Department of Clinical Laboratory,the Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University,Xi’an 710038,China)
出处
《现代检验医学杂志》
CAS
2024年第6期167-173,共7页
Journal of Modern Laboratory Medicine
基金
国家自然科学基金(81670792)。
作者简介
翟达(1988-),男,本科,主管技师,主要从事临床检验工作,E-mail:306092400@qq.com;通讯作者:翟鸿烨(1988-),女,本科,主管技师,主要从事临床检验工作,E-mail:243094661@qq.com。
