摘要
《理想国》的开场对话——苏格拉底与克法洛斯父子的对话——呈现并检验了普通人依据习俗所形成的正义观念。克法洛斯表达了一种消极正义的观念,即将正义理解为不施加伤害;玻勒马霍斯则表达了一种积极正义的观念,即将正义理解为有助于共同体的善。苏格拉底的检验表明:首先,积极正义同希腊传统中助友损敌的道德观念相结合,将同消极正义产生冲突;其次,放弃助友损敌观念、借助技艺—德性类比可以结合积极正义与消极正义。进一步的分析表明,以色拉叙马霍斯为代表的智者派正义观表面上颠倒了以克法洛斯父子为代表的传统正义观,但实际上只是后者的一种变体。
The opening conversations of the Republic-those between Socrates,Cephalus and his son Polemarchus-represent and examine the ordinary conceptions of justice.Cephalus expresses a negative conception of justice,namely not inflicting harm,and Polemarchus a positive one,namely contributing to the common good.Socrates’examinations show that,in combination with the traditional Greek morality of helping friends and harming enemies,the positive conception of justice stands in conflict with the negative conception,whereas,dispensing with such morality,one can unite positive and negative conceptions of justice through virtue-art analogy.Moreover,the sophistic conception of justice,maintained by Thrasymachus,though seeming to oppose the traditional conceptions maintained by Cephalus and his son,is actually a variant of the latter.
作者
樊黎
FAN Li(School of Humanities,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)
出处
《同济大学学报（社会科学版）》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第5期87-95,共9页
Journal of Tongji University:Social Science Edition
作者简介
樊黎,同济大学人文学院副教授。
