摘要
本文提出了关键语言体系,并就该体系中的关键方言进行了基本概念的理论阐述。依此,我们能推定客家话为我国的关键方言。然后,本文根据斯波斯基的语言域理论以广东梅州客家话为例调查分析了我国关键方言的使用现状。结果表明,客家话的使用主要在常见语言域,其使用分量从多到少依次是家庭域、公共域、工作域和学校域,而且,客家话的使用还出现了代际式微的现象。最后,文章指出,在世界众多小语言和方言式微的大环境下进行关键方言的学术研究和规划是必要的;我国关键方言的维持和使用要靠常见语言域;我们要加强关键方言的声望建设,以便人们可以形成更加正面的方言意识形态。
After putting forward a system of critical languages,one kind of which is critical dialects,this paper sheds light on the basic theoretical concepts of critical dialects,on the basis of which we infer that Hakka belongs to China's critical dialects.Then,the paper aims to investigate the use of Hakka in Meizhou of Guangdong Province,via the theoretical framework of language domain by Spolsky.The result shows that Hakka is used chiefly in regular language domains,with its vitality decreasing in the order of family,public space,workplace,and school domains,and also with its intergenerational transmission declining.Finally,the authors argue that it is highly necessary for us to do the following things:One,it is highly necessary to conduct academic research and planning about critical dialects in China.Two,many minority languages and dialects are shrinking in terms of use and users;they ought to be looked after.Three,the vitality of critical dialects including Hakka in China has to rely on the aforementioned regular domains,and we should strengthen the building of prestige for critical dialects,so as to improve people's language awareness about dialects.
作者
张治国
胡舒琪
ZHANG Zhiguo;HU Shuqi
出处
《语言政策与规划研究》
2024年第1期122-135,204,205,共16页
Journal of Language Policy and Language Planning
基金
国家社科基金重点项目“国家外语能力指数构建和中国关键外语战略研究”(项目编号:22AYY011)的阶段性成果。
关键词
关键方言
语言维持
语言域
客家话
广东梅州
critical dialect
language maintenance
language domain
Hakka
Meizhou of Guangdong Province
作者简介
张治国,博士,上海海事大学外国语学院教授。主要研究领域:语言政策及规划。电子邮箱:zgzhang@shmtu.edu.cn;胡舒琪,上海交通大学外国语学院博士生。主要研究领域:儿童语言习得及语言政策。电子邮箱:charis128@126.com。
