摘要
利用稀释通道采样法于2022年12月对济南市热电厂、热源厂、电厂3种类型冬季燃煤供暖典型企业废气细颗粒物进行采样,结合在线监测数据分析了SO_(2)、NO_(x)、PM_(2.5)和NH3排放情况及PM_(2.5)化学组分特征,并估算了济南市冬季3种类型供暖企业PM_(2.5)主要组分排放量。结果表明:3种类型燃煤供暖企业SO_(2)、NO_(x)、PM_(2.5)和NH3排放浓度均值范围分别为1.01-15.0、18.6-39.8、0.592-2.37、0.125-2.00 mg∙m^(-3),排放浓度差异较大,其中使用含硫率较低的燃煤供暖热源厂SO_(2)排放浓度明显低于热电厂和电厂。热电厂和电厂SO_(2)、NO_(x)、PM_(2.5)排放浓度均满足国家超低排放限值要求,热源厂满足山东省地方燃煤锅炉排放标准限值要求。PM_(2.5)组分特征分析结果表明不同供暖类型企业排放主要组分存在较大差异,其中热电厂主要为SO_(4)^(2−)(11.8%)、OC(17.1%),热源厂主要为Ca^(2+)(11.6%)、OC(33.5%),电厂主要为SO_(4)^(2−)(23.0%)、OC(18.6%),3类企业OC占比均远高于国内其他地区,这可能与本地调查企业煤质及环保设施运行工况等有关,热电厂和电厂高的SO_(4)^(2−)占比与燃料含硫率较高有关。经估算,2022-2023年供暖季济南市3种类型供暖企业排放烟气PM_(2.5)组分中水溶性离子总量最多,排放总量为3.74×10^(4) kg,是碳组分的2.07倍,是无机元素的5.18倍,其中水溶性离子排放总量以电厂最多,排放量为3.01×10^(4) kg,占比为80.5%;热源厂水溶性离子排放量是热电厂的4.14倍,无机元素排放量以电厂最高,排放量为4.96×103 kg,热源厂的水溶性离子(0.605 kg∙m^(-3)烟气)、碳组分(0.715 kg∙m^(-3)烟气)、无机元素(0.161 kg∙m^(-3)烟气)均呈现高排放特征,建议进一步加强对冬季热源厂PM_(2.5)中碳组分及水溶性离子的管控,关注脱硝设施的稳定运行。
Fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))in the waste gas emitted from three types of coal-fired heating plants(thermal power,heat source,and power plants)was sampled using the dilution channel sampling method.The main components of PM_(2.5),as well as the emission characteristics of SO_(2),NO_(x),PM_(2.5),NH3,and the chemical component characteristics of PM_(2.5),were analyzed based on online monitoring data.The results showed that the average emission concentrations of SO_(2),NO_(x),PM_(2.5) and NH3 from the three types of coal-fired heating enterprises ranged from 1.01‒15.0,18.6‒39.8,0.592‒2.37,0.125‒2.00 mg·m^(-3),respectively,with a great difference in emission concentrations.Among them,the heat source plant using coal with low sulfur content had a significantly lower SO_(2) emission concentration than the thermal power and power plants.In thermal power plants and power plants,the emission concentrations of SO_(2),NO_(x) and PM_(2.5) met the requirements of the national ultra-low emission limit,and the heat source plant met the emission standard limit requirements of local coal-fired boilers in Shandong Province.In terms of the component characteristics of PM_(2.5),the main components of the different types of heating plants differed significantly,with SO_(4)^(2−)(11.8%)and OC(17.1%)for thermal power plants,Ca^(2+)(11.6%)and OC(33.5%)for heat source plants,and SO_(4)^(2−)(23.0%)and OC(18.6%)for power plants,all of which had much higher OC proportions than those of other regions in China.This may be related to the operating conditions of the coal quality and the environmental protection facilities of local enterprises.The high proportions of SO_(4)^(2−)in thermal and power plants are related to the high sulfur content of the fuel.During the heating season from 2022 to 2023,the total amount of water-soluble ions in PM_(2.5),the component of flue gas emitted by the three types of heating enterprises in Ji’nan City,was the largest,and the total annual emission was 3.74×10^(4) kg,which is 2.07 times that of the carbon component and 5.18 times that of the inorganic elements.The total amount of water-soluble ions emitted by power plants was the highest.The annual emission was 3.01×10^(4) kg,accounting for 80.5%.The watersoluble ion emission of the heat source plant is 4.14 times that of the thermal power plant,and the inorganic element emission of the heat source plant was the highest,with an annual emission of 4.96×10^(3) kg.Water-soluble ions(0.605 kg∙m^(-3) flue gas),carbon components(0.715 kg∙m^(-3) flue gas),and inorganic elements(0.161 kg∙m^(-3) flue gas)in the heat source plant exhibited high emission characteristics.The control of carbon components and water-soluble ions in PM_(2.5) from the heat source plant in winter and giving attention to the stable operation of denitration facilities are recommended.This study can provide data support for the decision-making of air PM_(2.5) pollution control in Ji’nan,Shandong,China.
作者
潘光
苗亚茹
谷树茂
唐厚全
毛书帅
张桂芹
闫学军
PAN Guang;MIAO Yaru;GU Shumao;TANG Houquan;MAO Shushuai;ZHANG Guiqin;YAN Xuejun(School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering,Shandong Jianzhu University,Ji’nan 250101,P.R.China;Shandong Ji’nan Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Ji’nan 250014,P.R.China;Shandong Province Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Ji’nan 250101,P.R.China)
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第6期919-926,共8页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
2020-2023年度山东省重点研发计划(2020CXGC011401)
2022年研究生教育优质课程建设项目(YZKC202214)
山东省科技型中小企业创新能力提升工程项目(2023TSGC0911)。
关键词
燃煤供暖企业
废气污染物
PM2.5成分谱
组分特征
排放估算
coal-fired heating enterprise
exhaust pollutant
PM2.5 composition spectrum
component characteristics
emission estimation
作者简介
潘光(1968年生),男,研究员,主要从事环境监测研究工作。E-mail:13969150728@163.com;通讯作者:闫学军。E-mail:15806663698@163.com。
