摘要
高层次人才是建设科技强国的力量源泉,然而如何留住和吸引全球顶尖科技人才,学界对此还鲜有探究。为此,本文基于自然科学领域国际著名学术奖项获奖人的传记等质性资料,运用扎根理论方法构建了顶尖科技人才流动的影响因素模型,全面系统地揭示了影响人才流动的关键要素与作用机理。研究发现:(1)生存保障、工作氛围、科研支持和科研实力是影响人才流动的外部环境因素;家庭生活和个人情感是影响人才流动的内部驱动因素。(2)内外部因素之间以及外部因素自身均存在影响人才流动的间接作用机制。(3)人才流动的主要影响因素存在一定的学科差异。
High-level talents are the source of strength for building world power of science and technology,but how to retain and at-tract world-class scientific and technological talents(WSTT)has not been explored by the academic community.Currently,most re-searches on the influencing factors of scientific and technological talents flow adopt methods such as questionnaire surveys and econo-metric models.However,due to the objective shortcomings of the research methods,only a few factors can be discussed on the flow of talents such as academicians,and a comprehensive and systematic theoretical model has not yet been formed.And there are not many analyses on WSTT.To this end,the paper regards the winners of international famous academic awards in the field of natural science as WSTT.Based on the qualitative data such as the biographies of the research objects,the paper uses grounded theory method to con-struct an influencing factor model of WSTT,and comprehensively and systematically reveals the key factors and mechanisms that affect talent flow.Grounded analysis,which is based on detailed qualitative information,is widely used to explore and summarize the influen-cing factors of a phenomenon,and has a good research utility for this study.Specifically,first of all,227 winners with relatively suffi-cient information are selected as research samples,who have flow experience between the production of significant achievements and the awarding of awards.Secondly,through the grounded analysis processes such as open coding,axial coding,and selective coding,it is found that:(1)Livelihood security(medical conditions,salary and treatment,work stability,living environment),working atmosphere(colleague relationships,partners,academic exchanges,institutional management,regional academic environment),research support(team building,research conditions,research fields,research autonomy,and external support)and research strength(institutional reputation and research team)are the external environmental factors affecting talent flow;family life(family reunion,family health,and comfortable life)and personal emotions(academic inheritance,homeland complex,research mission,and changing environment)are the internal drivers of talent flow.(2)There are indirect mechanisms between internal and external factors,as well as external factors themselves,that affect talent flow,including team building→colleague relationships→talent flow,medical conditions-→family healthtalent flow,academic exchanges→comfortable life→talent flow,academic exchanges→changing environment-talent flow,research conditionschanging environment→talent flow,and other indirect pathways.(3)There are certain disciplinary differences in the main influencing factors of talent flow,which are reflected in the industry-research interaction and experimental setup in the field of biology,academic exchanges in the field of mathematics,institutional characteristics and experimental setup in the field of chemistry and physics,and mandatory retirement system for government departments in the field of earth sciences.Finally,the following suggestions are put forward on how to better retain and attract talents:encouraging diverse forms of academic exchanges;providing sufficient but moderate research support;paying ttention to the"self-realization"needs of scientific and technological talents;paying attention to family care for scientific and technological talents.
作者
王腾
关忠诚
郑海军
李强
WANG Teng;CUAN Zhong-cheng;ZHENG Hai-jun;LI Qiang(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《科学学研究》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第7期1376-1386,共11页
Studies in Science of Science
基金
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院前沿探索项目(E2X1641Z01)
中国科协评价与奖励专题(2023STYJ011)。
关键词
顶尖科技人才
流动
影响因素
扎根理论
world-class scientific and technological talents
flow
influencing factors
grounded theory
作者简介
王腾(1997-),男,博士研究生;关忠诚(1965-),男,研究员;郑海军(1982-),男,助理研究员;通讯作者:李强(1970-),男,副研究员,E-mail:lq@casisd.cn。
