摘要
抗除草剂作物在农业生产中发挥了重要作用,种植抗除草剂作物能提高杂草防除效率,降低农业生产成本。但随着抗除草剂作物大面积推广和长期使用单一除草剂,抗除草剂作物自身杂草化、抗性基因漂移、除草剂选择压导致的杂草抗性问题也逐步显现,如何科学研发和应用抗除草剂作物值得深入思考。本文系统综述了全球利用转基因技术、自然变异、人工诱变以及基因编辑技术研发抗除草剂作物及其商业化应用的进展;特别介绍了我国抗除草剂转基因作物的研发及应用现状。从抗除草剂作物自身杂草化、抗性基因漂移以及除草剂选择压3个方面分析了抗除草剂作物种植可能引起的抗性杂草问题,并提出了应对措施,以期为我国抗除草剂作物的研发及产业化发展提供理论参考。
Herbicide-resistant(HR)crops has played an important role in agricultural production.The planting of HR crops can improve the weed control efficiency and reduce the cost of agricultural production.However,with the large-scale planting of HR crops and the long-term use of the herbicide of single mode of action,the problem of HR weeds caused by the weediness of HR crops,the HR gene flow,and the herbicide selection pressure has gradually emerged.It is worthy of in-depth consideration to know how to develop and apply HR crops scientifically.This paper reviewed the progress in development and commercial application of HR crops obtained by transgenic technology,natural variation,artificial mutation and genome editing technology,and especially introduced the development and application of HR transgenic crops in China systematically.The problems of HR weeds caused by the planting of HR crops were analyzed from the perspective of the weediness of HR crops,the risks caused by the HR gene flow to relative weeds and the herbicide selection pressure,and the measures for delaying the evolution of HR weeds were proposed.Hopefully,this review would be able to provide theoretical reference for the development of research and commercialization of HR crops in China.
作者
戴玲玲
梁蓉
谢广乐
强胜
宋小玲
DAI Lingling;LIANG Rong;XIE Guangle;QIANG Sheng;SONG Xiaoling(Weed Research Laboratory,College of Life Sciences,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China)
出处
《杂草学报》
2024年第1期1-16,共16页
Journal of Weed Science
关键词
抗除草剂作物
抗性杂草
自身杂草化
基因漂移
除草剂选择压
herbicide-resistant crop
herbicide-resistant weed
weediness
gene flow
herbicide selection pressure
作者简介
戴玲玲(1995-),女,安徽宣城人,博士研究生,研究方向为抗除草剂作物安全性评估,E-mail:2022216037@stu.njau.edu.cn;共同第一作者:梁蓉(1995-),女,湖北荆州人,博士研究生,研究方向为抗除草剂大豆安全性评估,E-mail:2020216029@stu.njau.edu.cn;通信作者:宋小玲,博士,教授,博士生导师,研究方向为抗除草剂作物安全性评估、杂草生物生态学及管理。E-mail:sxl@njau.edu.cn。
