摘要
野生药用植物资源是我国中医药事业和产业的重要物质基础,并与生态平衡密切相关,然而药用植物资源和物种多样性在人工林恢复中随林龄的变化知之甚少.以广东省乐昌林场选取近自然经营杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)人工林(5、10、15、20、30和60年林龄)为研究对象,分析药用植物多样性及组成结构随林龄的变化轨迹.结果表明:(1)6个林龄下共有林下植被74科131属和178种,其中药用植物有58科86属105种.(2)杉木人工林林下植被和药用植物物种丰富度随林龄无显著的线性关系,林下植被灌木层物种多丰富度最大值出现在林龄10年(22.33),草本层出现在林龄20年(14.33).灌木层药用植物物种丰富度最大值出现在10年和20年的林龄(16.00),草本层为20年林龄(8.67).(3)杉木林草本层和灌木层的药用植物Jaccard和Morisita-Horn相似性指数比林下植被的草本层和灌木层更高;杉木人工林林下植被灌木层、草本层和灌木层药用植物随林龄间隔Jaccard相似性指数降低,而草本层药用植物增加.综上,近自然经营的杉木人工林可以培育较多药用植物,停止人为扰动后药用植物多样性随着恢复时间会维持一个相对稳定的状态.结合人工林野生药用植物的恢复趋势,可以根据林龄适当地进行野生药材资源的保护性开发.
Wild medicinal plant resources are an important material basis for China’s traditional Chinese medicine business and industry,and are closely related to ecological balance,yet little is known about the changes in medicinal plant resources and species diversity with forest age in plantation forest restoration.Here,we selected C.lanceolata plantations,located at the Lechang Forest Farm in Guangdong Province,with six age series of 5,10,15,20,30,and 60 years.The medicinal plant diversity and community composition indices were used to analyze the variation trend of species diversity with forest stand age.(1)A total of 74 families,131 genera,and 178 understory vegetation species were present across the six forest ages.The shrub layer had 58 families,86 genera,and 105 species and the main plants were Fagaceae.(2)No significant linear relationship was there between age and the species richness of understory vegetation and medicinal plants in C.lanceolata plantations.The maximum species richness of the understory shrub layer appeared in the 10-year-old stand(22.33),and that of herbs appeared in the 20-year-old stand(14.33).The maximum species richness of the medicinal plant shrub layer occurred in the 10-and 20-year-old stands(16.00),and herbs emerged in the 20-year-old stand(8.67).(3)Compared to understory vegetation,the Jaccard and Morisita-Horn similarity indices of the herb and shrub layers of medicinal plants were higher.The Jaccard similarity index of the medicinal plants in the shrub and herb layers decreased with stand age,whereas that of the medicinal plants in the herb layer increased.In conclusion,near-naturally managed C.lanceolata plantation forests can cultivate more medicinal plants,and the diversity of medicinal plants will maintain a relatively stable state with the recovery time after the cessation of anthropogenic disturbance.Combined with the recovery trend of wild medicinal plants in plantation forests,the protective development of wild medicinal resources can be carried out appropriately according to the age of the forest.
作者
罗焓毓
骆金初
冯慧芳
肖美娟
杨诗敏
李永泉
刘菊秀
李旭
LUO Hanyu;LUO Jinchu;FENG Huifang;XIAO Meiiuan;YANG Shimin;LI Yongquan;LIU Juxiu;LI Xu(Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering,Guangzhou 510225,China;Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems,South China Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510650,China;Forest Resources Conservation Center of Guangdong Province,Guangzhou 510173,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)
出处
《应用与环境生物学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期35-45,共11页
Chinese Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology
基金
广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2022B1111230001)
广东省基础研究旗舰项目(2023B0303050001)
广东省财政专项林业项目
国家自然科学基金项目(32101342和41991285)联合资助。
关键词
林下植被
药用植物
重要值
物种多样性
演替
understory
medicinal plant
important value
species diversity
succession
作者简介
通信作者:李旭(E-mail:lixu@scbg.ac.cn)。
