摘要
为保障煤矿安全生产和工人健康,煤矿井下主要采取的防尘手段是湿式除尘和化学抑尘。通过保水性实验探究无机盐与表面活性剂溶液各自及协同作用下的抑尘保湿性效果。实验结果表明:由于四种表面活性剂的分子结构和性质不同,形成分子层的稳定性和厚度不同,十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液(SDBS)的保湿性最强,聚乙二醇对异辛基苯基醚溶液(Triton X-100)的保湿性最弱。当表面活性剂SDS与SDBS溶液质量分数分别为0.24%、0.04%,无机盐K_(2)SO_(4)的浓度0.9mol/L,且SDS与SDBS比例为5∶5,SDS+SDBS的混合溶液与K_(2)SO_(4)比例同样为5∶5时,煤尘水分散失最少,复合溶液润湿保湿性能最佳。硫酸钾溶液对复合溶液的疏水端产生析出作用,导致煤尘疏水端的疏水作用增强,更多表面活性剂分子逃逸水相后向液-气界面聚集,从而降低溶液的表面张力。
[Objective]To ensure the health of coal miners and safe overall production in coal mines,numerous dust-control measures have been implemented to address underground coal-dust disasters.Wet dust suppression and chemical dust inhibition technologies are the primary protective measures employed.The moisture retention capability of dust inhibition technologies directly affects the wetting efficiency of coal dust and the possibility of secondary dust generation after settling.[Methods]This study aims to investigate the dust-inhibiting and moisture retention effects of inorganic salts(potassium sulfate,sodium chloride,and magnesium chloride)and surfactant solutions,both individually and combined,through experiments evaluating water retention capacity via evaporation loss.Through the total weight loss analysis of different types of inorganic salts with different concentrations for different periods,the inorganic salts were optimized,and their moisture retentions were analyzed.Further,through weight loss analysis of surfactant solutions with different concentrations for different periods,the total weight loss analysis of different types of surfactant solutions with different mass fractions,and the surface morphology analysis of coal samples after the experiments,the surfactant solutions were optimized,and their moisture retention analysis was conducted.[Results]A comprehensive comparison of the results for four surfactant solutions(sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate(SDBS),fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether(SDS),alkyl polyglycoside(APG),and polyethylene glycol octyl phenyl ether(Triton X-100)solutions)showed that their distinct molecular structures and properties vary the stability and thickness of the formed molecular layers.Notably,the SDBS solution exhibited the highest moisture retention,followed by the SDS,APG,and Triton X-100 solutions.Without adding the inorganic salts,when the addition amounts of the SDS and SDBS solutions were 0.24%and 0.04%,respectively,the evaporation loss of coal dust was the smallest,the moisture retention rate was the highest when the ratio of the two solutions was 5:5.When the inorganic salts were added,with increasing concentration of a potassium sulfate solution,the moisturizing ability increased.A higher concentration of the potassium sulfate solution resulted in more ions,increasing the osmotic pressure of the overall solution and reducing the evaporation of water molecules.The synergistic effect with the surfactant solutions further improved the moisturizing performance of coal dust.[Conclusions]A composite solution with 0.24%SDS,0.04%SDBS,0.9 mol/L K_(2)SO_(4),and a(SDS+SDBS)/K_(2)SO_(4) ratio of 5:5 demonstrated the least water loss as well as optimal wetting and moisture retention performance when applied to coal dust.The precipitation effect of a potassium sulfate solution on the hydrophobic end of the surfactant composite solution enhanced the hydrophobicity of coal dust,causing an increased number of surfactant molecules to escape the aqueous phase and aggregate at the liquid–gas interface,thus reducing the surface tension of the solution.
作者
周彪
郭依科
王凯
徐敏
杨孟娇
ZHOU Biao;GUO Yike;WANG Kai;XU Min;YANG Mengjiao(School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering,China University of Mining&Technology-Beijing,Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《实验技术与管理》
CAS
北大核心
2024年第2期9-16,共8页
Experimental Technology and Management
基金
教育部产学合作协同育人项目(230702910171014)
中国矿业大学(北京)教改项目(J231201)。
关键词
无机盐
润湿
保湿性
煤尘
抑尘
inorganic salt
wetting
water retention
coal dust
dust suppression
作者简介
周彪(1986-),男,山西吕梁,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为含氟新材料及建筑火灾,zhoubiao1088@cumtb.edu.cn;通信作者:王凯(1972-),男,河南遂平,博士,教授,主要研究方向为安全工程,201933@cumtb.edu.cn。
