摘要
精油植物是重要的食品与精细化工原料,精油成分组成与含量是衡量精油植物品质的重要指标.澳洲茶树、溪畔白千层和垂枝红千层是3种重要的桃金娘科精油植物资源,重庆引种成功后其枝叶精油指标是否出现变化,目前研究较少.本研究选择重庆引种的成年典型植株,通过水蒸气蒸馏法进行引种植物枝叶精油检测,结果表明其出油率差异有统计学意义,澳洲茶树鲜枝叶出油率最高(1.8%),垂枝红千层精油次之(1.18%),溪畔白千层最低(0.28%);GCMS法进行精油组分定性检测,结果表明重庆引种澳洲茶树精油鉴定出挥发性成分54种(主要成分为1, 8-桉叶素、 α-松油醇、 α-蒎烯),溪畔白千层32种(主要成分为甲基丁香酚、肉桂酸甲酯),垂枝红千层41种(主要成分为α-松油醇、 1, 8-桉叶素、瓜菊醇酮、柠檬醇);精萘内标法定量检测结果表明,澳洲茶树精油1, 8-桉叶素、 α-松油醇、 α-蒎烯相对含量分别为45.42%, 17.71%, 7.57%,溪畔白千层甲基丁香酚、肉桂酸甲酯相对比例分别为89.11%, 6.89%,垂枝红千层α-松油醇、 1, 8-桉叶素、瓜菊醇酮、柠檬醇相对比例分别为25.75%, 20.71%, 16.29%, 7.09%.与以往华东华南地区引种植株对比分析表明,澳洲茶树枝叶出油率略有增高,主要挥发性成分种类比广西地区的少;而另外两种植物出油率与其他地区相差不大,但溪畔白千层枝叶挥发性成分种类比福建地区的少、比广西地区的多,垂枝红千层成分种类比广东地区的多.综上所述,重庆引种的3种桃金娘科植物枝叶出油率与主要功能性组分相对含量均有良好的表现,其枝叶精油具有规模化开发价值.
Essential oil plants areimportant raw materials of food and fine chemical processing.The composition and content of essential oil components are important indicators to measure the quality of essential oil plants.Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel,M.bracteata F.Muell.and Callistemon viminalis(Soland.)Cheel are three important essential oil plant resources of Myrtaceae family.However,there is currently limited research on whether the essential oil indicators of branches and leaves have been changed after the successful introduction in Chongqing.In this paper,the typical adult plants introduced in Chongqing were selected to extract the essential oil of the branches and leaves for testing by steam distillation.The results showed that the essential oil extraction rate of the branches and leaves of the three introduced plants was significantly different,with Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel being the highest(1.8%),followed by Callistemon viminalis(Soland.)Cheel(1.18%),and Melaleuca bracteata F.Muell.(0.28%).Qualitative detection of essential oil components using GCMS method showed that 54 volatile components were detected from Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel(mainly 1,8-cineole,α-Terpineol,α-Pinene),32 volatile components from Melaleuca bracteata F.Muell.(mainly methyl eugenol and methyl cinnamate),and 41 volatile components from Callistemon viminalis(Soland.)Cheel(mainlyα-Terpineol,1,8-cineole,cinerolon,lemnalol).The quantitative detection results of refined naphthalene internal standard method indicated that the relative content of 1,8-cineole,α-Terpineol,α-Pinene in Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel were 45.42%,17.71%and 7.57%,respectively,the relative content of methyl eugenol and methyl cinnamate in Melaleuca bracteata F.Muell.were 89.11%and 6.89%respectively,and the relative content ofα-Terpineol,1,8-cineole,cinerolon,lemnalol in Callistemon viminalis(Soland.)Cheel were 25.75%,20.71%,16.29%and 7.09%,respectively.Compared with the plants previously introduced in East China and South China,the oil yield of branches and leaves of Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel plants increased slightly,and the varieties of main volatile components were less than those of in Guangxi.However,the oil yields of other two plants were similar to those of in other regions,but the varieties of volatile components of the branches and leaves of Melaleuca bracteata F.Muell.were less than those of in Fujian and more than those of in Guangxi,and the varieties of volatile components of the branches and leaves of Callistemon viminalis(Soland.)Cheel were more than those of in Guangdong.In summary,the three Myrtaceae plants introduced in Chongqing have good performance on the oil yield and relative content of main functional components in the branches and leaves,and their branch and leaf essential oils have the large-scale development value.
作者
罗然
王春丽
樊志彤
刘世尧
LUO Ran;WANG Chunli;FAN Zhitong;LIU Shiyao(College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River(Ministry of Education),Chongqing 400715,China;Chongqing Agricultural Ecology and Resource Protection Station,Chongqing 401121,China;Chongqing Jiangjin District Forestry Administrative Law Enforcement Detachment,Jiangjin Chongqing 402218,China)
出处
《西南大学学报（自然科学版）》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第3期40-53,共14页
Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(31400272)
重庆市农业农村委员会重庆市现代山地特色高效农业调味品产业技术体系项目[2022(6)号]。
关键词
桃金娘科
澳洲茶树
溪畔白千层
垂枝红千层
精油
GCMS鉴定
myrtaceae
Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel
Melaleuca bracteata F.Muell.
Callistemon viminalis(Soland.)Cheel.
essential oil
GCMS identification
作者简介
罗然,硕士研究生,主要从事植物学方向研究;通信作者:刘世尧,博士,副教授.
