摘要
助推是指利用人们的认知和心理规律等,通过设计选择架构而又不构成显著阻碍或激励的方式,来影响人们的行为。助推的实际可行性基础是行为经济学,而在政治哲学意义上的正当性基础是自由—家长主义理论。助推的伦理可接受性和实践效用容有质疑,但还不足以因此否弃其积极意义和事实上的广泛使用。软法与助推的结合有三种情形:通过助推方式来促进软法实施;软法本身发挥助推作用;软法将助推策略规则化。软法助推可以作为现代规制和治理的工具,不过也应意识到其可能存在的局限。为避其局限,软法助推应当有充分的立足经验的理由说明,应当服务于公共善,应当公开、透明,应当受到审视的、可争议的民主控制。
Nudge refers to the strategic use of cognitive and psychological principles to influence human behaviour by designing choice architectures that subtly guide decisions without imposing significant barriers or incentives.Grounded in behavioral economics,the practical feasibility of nudging is coupled with its legitimacy,from a political philosophy perspective,rooted in theory of libertarianpaternalism.While the ethical acceptability and practical efficacy of nudging may be questioned,its positive implications and extensive real-world application cannot be disregarded.The integration of soft law and nudging manifests in three ways:employing nudging techniques to promote the implementation of soft law;harnessing the nudging potential inherent in soft law itself;and formalizing nudging strategies as regulatory rules within soft law frameworks.Nudging through soft law emerges as a tool for regulation and governance,yet its limitations should be recognized.To address these limitations,nudging through soft law should be accompanied by compelling empirical justifications,serve the public good,be conducted openly and transparently,and be subject to democratic scrutiny and debate.
出处
《比较法研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第1期148-164,共17页
Journal of Comparative Law
关键词
软法
助推
软法助推
自由—家长主义
规制
soft law
nudge
soft law nudge
libertarian-paternalism
regulation
作者简介
沈岿,北京大学法学院教授,法学博士。
