摘要
鄢陵话“了”有“了/liao^(44)/”、“了/liao^(0)/”、“了/l■^(0)/”三个读音,核心语义分别为完结、非已然达成、已然实现,三者均可位于词尾和句尾(或从句尾)。“了/liao^(44)/”位于词尾为完结体,位于从句尾表时间次序,但完结义未虚化;“了/liao^(0)/”位于词尾为派生类完整体,位于从句尾为先时标记、假设条件助词或话题标记;“了/l■^(0)/”位于词尾为屈折类完整体,位于句尾为完成体。鄢陵话“了”的语法化呈多分支进行,词尾不同读音的“了”分别与其句尾(或从句尾)同音形式有直接演化关系。语境和句法位置的变化对鄢陵话“了”的语义分化有重要影响。鄢陵话“了”的演化表明,有相同来源的语法形式可能位于不同语法化分支,因此语音弱化程度低的形式不一定语法化程度低。
The function word Le(了)in Yanling(鄢陵)dialect has three pronunciations,which are“了/liao^(44)/”,“了/liao^(0)/”and“了/l■^(0)/”.Their core semantics are completive,irrealis,and realis separately.All of them could be used after verb or at the end of a sentence or a clause.“了/liao^(44)/”was a completive aspect particle when it was located after verb,or a function word which could express chronological order when it was at the end of a clause.“了/liao^(0)/”was identical to derived perfective when it was used after verb or at the end of a generalized causative sentence.And it would be a tense marker,a hypothetical conditional particle,or a topic marker when it was used after a time reference structure or a conditional clause.“了/l■^(0)/”was a perfective aspect particle after verb,while a perfect aspect particle at the end of a sentence.The grammaticalization of Le(了)was multithreaded.Homophonic forms evolved closer to each other than different sound words.Contexts and different syntactic positions had important influence on the semantic differentiation of Le(了)in Yanling(鄢陵)Dialect.The grammaticalization of Le(了)in Yanling(鄢陵)dialect indicated that grammatical forms with the same source might be located in different grammaticalization branches,so those with low phonetic weakening degree did not certainly have low grammaticalization degree.
作者
高水云
邓晓华
GAO Shui-yun;DENG Xiao-hua(School of Sociology and Anthropology,Xiamen University,Xiamen Fujian 361005,China;School of Humanities,Fujian University of Technology,Fuzhou Fujian 350118,China)
出处
《语言研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第1期78-87,共10页
Studies in Language and Linguistics
基金
国家社科基金重大项目“多学科视角下的南岛语族的起源与形成研究”(20&ZD248)。
关键词
鄢陵话
了
时
体
语法化
Yanling(陵)dialect
Le(了)
Tense
Aspect
Grammaticalization
作者简介
高水云,女,1983年生,河南鄢陵人,博士,主要研究方向是汉语语法学;邓晓华,男,1957年生,福建连城人,博士,教授,主要研究方向是民族学、语言人类学、比较语言学。
