摘要
随着全球变暖,极端降雨事件增多,导致山区小流域灾害频发,严重威胁人民生命财产安全。小流域防灾减灾形式多样,其中生态工程措施与岩土工程措施相结合协同减灾的方式,不仅能够充分发挥两种措施在不同时间段的减灾作用,而且能够增加整体减灾功效。目前,受限于生态工程措施与岩土工程措施协同减灾原理不明,评估方法缺乏,导致二者无法有机结合并开展综合减灾效益评估。本文在基于自然解决方案的基础上,提出了山区小流域生态-岩土措施协同减灾的原理,即利用生态工程与岩土工程协作,通过坡面防护和沟道调控,形成稳定阶梯-深潭结构的生态工程-岩土工程措施协同减灾原理。在此基础上,结合地理信息系统和最优化原理,给出基于能量消减的小流域生态工程-岩土工程协同减灾功效的定量化评价方法,为规划、设计、物种选择以及生态工程与岩土工程对策的结合提供依据。
With global warming,extreme rainfall events are increasing,leading to frequent disasters in small watersheds in mountainous regions and threatening severely the safety of people's lives and property.A small watershed can adopt various forms of disaster prevention and reduction,among which the combination of ecological engineering measures and geotechnical engineering measures can not just fully utilize the disaster reduction effects of the two measures at different periods,but also increase the overall disaster reduction effectiveness.At present,the principle of collaborative disaster reduction between ecological and geotechnical engineering measures is unclear,and their evaluation methods are also unclear;so,it is extremely difficult to combine the two organically or conduct a comprehensive disaster reduction benefit assessment.On the basis of natural solutions,this paper establishes a principle of coordinated ecological-geotechnical measures for reducing disasters in small watersheds in mountainous regions.Specifically,a stable step-deep pool structure using ecological and geotechnical engineering measures should be formed through collaboration of both fields,slope protection,and channel regulation,so as to achieve collaborative disaster reduction.Then,we give a quantitative method for evaluating the effectiveness of synergistic disaster reduction by small watershed ecological and geotechnical engineering measures based on energy reduction planning,thus laying a basis for design,species selection,and integration with geotechnical engineering strategies.
作者
祁生文
刘方翠
徐梦珍
王学良
薛雷
柳金峰
陈剑刚
黄科翰
孙娟娟
丁昊
QI Shengwen;LIU Fangcui;XU Mengzhen;WANG Xueliang;XUE Lei;LIU Jinfeng;CHEN Jiangang;HUANG Kehan;SUN Juanjuan;DING Hao(Key Laboratory of Shale Gas and Geological Engineering,Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;College of Earth and Planetary,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Department of Hydraulic Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Key Laboratory of Hydrosphere Sciences of the Ministry of Water Resources,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China;Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process,Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;School of Engineering and Technology,China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China)
出处
《水力发电学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第2期1-14,共14页
Journal of Hydroelectric Engineering
基金
中国科学院先导专项A类项目“美丽中国”资助(资助号No.XDA23090402)。
关键词
小流域
基于自然解决方案
能量消减
生态-岩土协同减灾
small watershed
Natural based solution(NBS)
energy reduction
ecological-geotechinical engineering coordinated disaster reduction
作者简介
祁生文(1975-),男,研究员.中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所研究员,中国科学院大学岗位教授、博导,中国科学院页岩气与地质工程重点实验室主任,兼任国际工程地质与环境学会(IAEG)岩土体结构性委员会主席,IAEG中国委员会秘书长。曾获国家杰出科学基金资助,入选国家级人才。主要从事岩体工程地质力学与动力灾变、碳封存地质工程选址等科研工作。主持/参加国家基金委重大项目、科技部第二次青藏高原科考、中国科学院先导科技专项、中国科学院重点部署项目、锦屏、小湾、双江口、川藏铁路、新京张铁路等80余项重大科研与地质工程选址工作。研发了岩体结构动力特性测试装备与试验方法,提出了岩体结构动力特性表征方法,拓展了岩体结构动力学理论,构建了岩体动力稳定性评价方法,发展了岩体动力灾变防控技术体系,服务了重大岩体工程建设和地震灾后恢复重建,形成了相关技术标准。相关成果出版专著9部,发表论文200余篇,总引超过5000次,获发明专利50余项。曾获中国岩石力学与工程学会自然科学一等奖2项、国际地质减灾联合会(ICGdR)科学成就奖、IAEG青年最高奖、美国土木工程师学会International Fellowship、中国地质学会“金锤奖”、中国科学院卢嘉锡青年人才奖等。E-mail:qishengwen@mail.iggcas.ac.cn。
