摘要
嗜冷菌是一种适应低温环境的外界污染菌,其种类繁多并广泛存在于乳品加工的各个环节。低温冷藏是控制乳中微生物繁殖和保持乳品质量的常用方法,这却为嗜冷菌提供了有利的生存环境。其生长过程中会产生具有高度热稳定性的腐败酶,这些酶会对乳品的质量与安全造成极大的威胁。嗜冷菌的菌群结构和多样性也易受到多种因素影响,这就为乳中嗜冷菌的分离鉴定带来了困难。结合国内外文献,综述了国内外乳及乳制品中嗜冷菌多样性的研究现状,比较了传统培养法、分子生物学方法、高通量测序等检测技术在研究嗜冷菌多样性方面的优势和缺陷,以期为牧场及乳制品加工厂从污染源头保障原料乳及乳制品的安全生产提供理论依据,并为判定原料乳潜在的细菌污染风险和乳品产业加工原材料风险评估提供背景信息。
Psychrotrophic bacteria are a type of external contaminants,which are diverse and widely present in all stages of milk and milk processing.Low temperature refrigeration is a common practice in all countries of the world to control the reproduction of microorganisms in milk and to maintain the quality of milk products.But this method provides a favorable living environment for psychrotrophic bacteria.In the process of its growth,it will produce highly heat-stable spoilage enzymes,which will post a great threat to the quality and safety of milk products.The flora structure and diversity of psychrotrophic bacteria will be influenced by many factors,which makes it difficult to isolate and identify the psychrotrophic bacteria in milk.Based on domestic and foreign literature,this paper reviews the current status of research on the diversity of psychrotrophic bacteria in milk and milk products in the world,and compares the advantages and disadvantages of traditional culture methods,molecular biology methods,high-throughput sequencing and other detection techniques in studying the diversity of psychrotrophic bacteria.This paper aims to provide theoretical basis for ensuring the safe production of raw milk and milk products from the source of contamination in ranches and milk processing plants.In addition,it is expected to provide background information for determining the potential bacterial contamination risk of raw milk and risk assessment of raw material processing in the milk industry.
作者
孙苗
邵伟
刘政宇
马宪兰
陈贺
赵艳坤
SUN Miao;SHAO Wei;LIU Zhengyu;MA Xianlan;CHEN He;ZHAO Yankun(Institute of Quality Standards&Testing Technology for Agro-products,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs-Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products,Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety of Xinjiang,Urumqi 830091;College of Animal Science,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Department of Zoology,Xinjiang Agricultural University College of Animal Science,Xinjiang Meat and Milk Herbivore Nutrition Laboratory,Urumqi 830052;Institute of Animal Science,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory for Quality&Safety Control for Milk and Dairy Products of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing 100193)
出处
《食品工业》
CAS
2024年第1期201-206,共6页
The Food Industry
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(32060797)
国家农产品质量安全风险评估项目(GJFP20220304)
新疆天山创新团队项目(2022D14016)
新疆科技援疆计划项目(2022E02012)。
关键词
嗜冷菌
微生物多样性
乳及乳制品
食品检测技术
高通量测序
psychrotrophic bacteria
microbial diversity
milk and milk products
food detection technology
highthroughput sequencing
作者简介
共同第一作者:孙苗;共同第一作者:邵伟;通信作者:赵艳坤。
