摘要
【目的】有机肥替代化肥是洱海流域降低烟田氮磷养分流失的重要手段之一,但前期数据表明有机肥的肥料释放规律与烟株的养分需求规律不相吻合,导致环境风险大的同时带来烟叶质量不高的问题,亟需研发与烟株生长发育规律相吻合、不易造成氮磷养分流失的肥料来降低洱海流域烟田氮磷养分流失的同时保障烟叶绿色生产。【方法】采用原位测定的方法,在不同施肥处理(农户常规施肥RFF,公司推荐用肥RF,绿色智能肥GIF)下探讨烟田氮、磷流失及烤烟生长状况、经济效益的差异。【结果】1)施用绿色智能肥降低了烟田氮磷养分投入量;2)生育期内施用绿色智能肥处理(GIF)的烟株株高和生物量处理高于农户常规施肥处理(RFF)和公司推荐用肥处理(RF)。与RFF处理相比,GIF处理的生物量增加了16.33%。3)烟叶的产量、产值由大到小依次为:GIF、RF和RFF。与RFF相比,GIF处理的产量较提高了8.00%,产值提高了19.00%;4)生育期内径流水总氮流失量由大到小依次为RFF、RF和GIF,总磷流失量由大到小依次为RFF、GIF和RF。与RFF处理相比,GIF处理的总氮流失量降低了38.00%,总磷流失量降低了20.00%。【结论】施用绿色智能肥不仅能提升烤烟的产量,增加农民收入,而且降低了洱海流域的氮磷排放,这对于保障烤烟的优质生产和保护湖泊流域水质具有重要意义,能实现农业绿色发展和环境保护的协同,为湖泊流域烟田管理提供新的思路。
[Objective]The application of organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer is one of the important means to reduce the loss of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients in tobacco fields in the Erhai Lake Basin.However,the previous data show that the fertilizer release of organic fertilizer is not consistent with the nutrient demand of tobacco plants,which leads to the problem of high environmental risk and low quality of tobacco leaves.Therefore,it is urgent to develop fertilizers that are consistent with the growth and development of tobacco plants and are not easy to cause nitrogen and phosphorus loss in tobacco fields in the Erhai River Basin and ensure the green production of tobacco leaves.[Method]In this study,the method of in-situ determination was used to explore the differences of nitrogen and phosphorus loss,growth status and economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco under different fertilization treatments,namely farmers’conventional fertilization(RFF),company recommended fertilizer(RF),green intelligent fertilizer(GIF).[Result]The results showed that:1)The application of green intelligent fertilizer reduced the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient input in tobacco field;2)During the growth period,the plant height and biomass of tobacco plants treated with green intelligent fertilizer(GIF)were higher than those of farmers’conventional fertilization treatment(RFF)and tobacco companies’recommended fertilizer treatment(RF).Compared with RFF treatment,the biomass of tobacco plants treated with GIF increased by 16.33%.3)The yield and output value of cured tobacco leaves under different treatments ranked as follows:GIF>RF>RFF.Compared with that of RFF,the yield of GIF treatment increased by 8.00%,the output value increased by 19.00%,and the proportion of medium and high-grade cigarettes increased by 9.70%.4)The total nitrogen loss of runoff from each treated tobacco field during the growth period ranked as follows:RFF>RF>GIF,and the total phosphorus loss was RFF>GIF>RF.Compared with RFF treatment,the total nitrogen loss and total phosphorus loss of GIF treatment decreased by 38.00%and 20.00%.[Conclusion]The results of this study show that the application of green intelligent fertilizer can not only improve the yield of flue-cured tobacco and increase farmers’income,but also reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus loss of tobacco fields and thus reduce the their emissions in the Erhai Lake Basin,which is of great significance for ensuring the green and high-quality production of flue-cured tobacco and protecting the water quality of the lake basin.It can realize the synergy of agricultural green development and environmental protection,and provide new ideas for the management of tobacco fields in lake basins.
作者
欧阳铖人
李铭怡
罗德香
单蕖
李娟
赵正雄
OUYANG Chengren;LI Mingyi;LUO Dexiang;SHAN Qu;LI Juan;ZHAO Zhengxiong(College of Tobacco Science,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 605201,China;China Dali Tobacco Company,Dali 671000,China)
出处
《江西农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2024年第1期42-49,共8页
Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis
基金
云南省重大科技专项(202202AE090034)。
关键词
烤烟
绿色智能肥
氮磷养分流失
经济效益
flue-cured tobacco
green intelligent fertilizer
nitrogen and phosphorus loss
economic benefits
作者简介
欧阳铖人,副教授,博士,orcid.org/0000-0002-6855-2261,oycr6018@126.com;通信作者:李娟,农艺师,主要从事烟草营养及栽培研究,orcid.org/0009-0000-4502-0898,2008child@163.com;通信作者:赵正雄,教授,博士,主要从事农业面源污染、土地利用与生态环境研究,orcid.org/0000-0002-9574-8438,zhaozx0801@163.com。
