摘要
区块链智能合约与民事执行具有天然的适配性。前者在高效率、低成本、公开透明等方面的功能优势完美契合了后者的价值追求;后者在执行承诺层面的应用结构为前者提供了现实空间。区块链智能合约借助执行承诺能够广泛嵌入民事执行领域,驱动民事执行智能化发展,保障执行操作合规,推动执行流程平稳衔接应用。但是,区块链智能合约的嵌入也将不可避免地诱发权力技术化与技术权力化的双重风险:“算法黑箱”导致执行承诺偏移,“自动执行”加剧利益失衡,致使执行正当性减损;“算法权力”的膨胀不断弱化法官主体地位,使技术宰制下的执行可归责性日渐模糊。今后,有必要围绕人类理性与区块链智能合约的协同跟进,通过差异化责任矫正区块链智能合约机制下异化的民事执行系统秩序。
Blockchain smart contracts are naturally compatible with civil enforcement.The functional advantages of the former in terms of high efficiency,low cost,openness and transparency perfectly match the value pursuit of the latter,while the application structure of the latter in the level of implementation commitment provides a real space for the former.Blockchain smart contracts can be widely embedded in the field of civil enforcement with the help of execution commitments,driving the intelligent development of civil enforcement,so as to ensure the compliance of execution operations and promote the smooth connection and application of execution processes.However,the embedding of blockchain smart contracts will inevitably lead to the dual risks,namely,the technicalization of power and the empowerment of technology:“black box of algorithms”will lead to the deviation of implementation commitments,“automatic execution”will aggravate the imbalance of interests,and lead to impairment of the legitimacy of implementation;the expansion of“algorithmic power”continuously weakens the subjective position of judges,making the accountability of execution under the control of technology increasingly vague.In the future,it is necessary to focus on the coordinated follow-up of human rationality and blockchain smart contracts,and correct the alienated civil enforcement system order under the blockchain smart contract mechanism through differentiated responsibilities.
作者
苟应鹏
王伟
GOU Yingpeng;WANG Wei(Law School,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,Jiangsu,China;People's Court of Pingfang District of Harbin,Harbin 150066,Heilongjiang,China)
出处
《华南理工大学学报（社会科学版）》
2024年第1期75-87,共13页
Journal of South China University of Technology(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家社会科学基金一般项目“强制执行法典化背景下执行力主观范围扩张研究”(23BFX136)。
关键词
区块链智能合约
民事执行
法律风险
人机协同
差异化责任
blockchain smart contract
civil enforcement
legal risk
human computer coordination
differentiated responsibility
作者简介
苟应鹏(1995-),男,博士研究生,主要研究方向为民事执行法;王伟(1982-),女,主要研究方向为民事执行法。
