摘要
从伦理基础、基本模式与实践特征三个方面阐述当代中国贫困治理的历程及成功经验,认为当代中国贫困治理的成功,不仅是中国独特制度优势的体现,而且其中提炼的一些贫困治理经验,可以为广大发展中国家的贫困治理提供借鉴。在贫困治理的伦理基础方面,革命年代为了发动穷苦大众投身革命,赋予他们极高的政治地位,导致了“穷光荣”文化传统的形成,“越贫穷越光荣”的社会文化心理延迟了脱贫的紧迫性,在一定程度上使得计划经济时代的中国减贫事业难以达到应有的发展速度;改革开放以来,贫困与道德的脱钩、经济发展与社会主义本质的链接使得全面脱贫变得必要且可能。在贫困治理的基本模式方面,政府主导贫困治理的政策制定、资源分配及项目实施,同时积极发挥市场作为资源配置基本机制的作用,创新市场化扶贫方式,由此形成贫困治理的“政府主导的市场模式”。在实践方面,社会协同和公共参与既是现代化贫困治理体系的必然要求与重要特征,也是当代中国贫困治理成功的深层原因。全面脱贫后,巩固脱贫成果、防止脱贫后返贫的任务仍然十分艰巨,仍然面临着持续有效治理相对贫困等多元贫困问题的严峻挑战,必须进一步探索具有开放性、整体性、可持续性的参与式贫困治理体系,进一步完善贫困治理生态,早日实现全面建成社会主义现代化强国的伟大目标。
The success of poverty governance in contemporary China not only comprises some special experiences that reflect China’s unique advantages,but also implies some general knowledge that can be extracted for the use of all mankind,especially for the vast number of developing countries.This paper expounds the latter from three aspects:ethical foundation,basic model and practical characteristics.In terms of the ethical foundation of poverty governance,China’s political empowerment of the poor in the revolutionary era and the planned economy era delayed the urgency of poverty alleviation to a certain degree,hindering the poverty reduction of China in the era of planned economy from reaching the due speed of development.Since the Reform and Opening Up,the decoupling of poverty and morality and the linking of economic development to the nature of socialism make it necessary and possible to eliminate poverty in an all-round way.In terms of the basic model of poverty governance,the government dominates the policy formulation,resource allocation and project process of poverty governance,and actively gives play to the role of the market as the basic mechanism of resource allocation and innovates market-oriented poverty alleviation methods,thus forming a“government-dominated market model”for poverty governance.In practice,social coordination and public participation are two prominent features of poverty governance in contemporary China,and also the deep reasons for its success.After the alleviation of absolute poverty is finished,the tasks of consolidating the achievements of poverty alleviation,preventing people from returning into poverty,and effectively coping with the problem of poverty in diverse forms remain daunting.Therefore,we must further explore an open,holistic and sustainable participatory poverty governance system and further improve the poverty governance ecosystem,so as to realize the great goal of building China into a great modern socialist country as soon as possible.
作者
易申波
赵雄
YI Shenbo;ZHAO Xiong
出处
《深圳社会科学》
2024年第1期33-42,共10页
Social Sciences in Shenzhen
基金
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“精准扶贫中的公共参与问题研究”(18YJC810011)
江西省高校人文社会科学研究青年项目“新时代我国农村基层民主建设的实现机制研究”(ZZ18201)。
关键词
贫困治理
贫困的去道德化
政府主导
市场机制
公共参与
poverty governance
de-moralization of poverty
government-dominated
market mechanism
public participation
作者简介
易申波,副教授,硕士研究生导师,主要从事当代中国政府与政治、城乡基层治理研究;赵雄,江西省人事考试中心信息科工程师,南昌航空大学经济管理学院2021级公共管理硕士研究生,主要从事公共部门人力资源管理研究。
