摘要
智能生产技术对制造强国战略实施和加快形成现代产业体系意义重大,但如何利用我国规模巨大的应用市场助推相关技术创新仍缺乏一定研究。文章以智能制造的典型技术——工业机器人为例,基于市场应用和发明专利数据,从230个城市层面验证大规模的本土市场能否激发技术创新,并从关联度和复杂度揭示其对区域知识结构与演化路径的影响。研究结论如下:(1)我国超大规模的工业机器人应用市场对相关技术创新具有显著促进作用;(2)工业机器人的市场规模与技术创新呈现出地理上的协同集聚特征,且有相关知识基础的城市更能从本土市场效应中获得收益;(3)不同于先发国家的科技引领生产模式,市场驱动创新模式使得我国更倾向于在低复杂度的工业机器人技术领域形成突破;(4)相比较于工业机器人应用已经比较成熟的行业,后续渗透度逐步提升、具有潜在规模市场的行业对城市相关技术创新的边际效应更为明显。因此,政府应从需求牵引的角度,有效结合地区的技术基础,加大对特定行业工业机器人应用的政策扶持,同时发挥新型举国体制优势,重点攻关“卡脖子”技术,避免陷入由市场驱动创新的“低端陷阱”。
In the new round of scientific and technological revolution, intelligent manufacturing has become the main direction for all countries to seize the strategic commanding heights. In 2020, the density of industrial robots in China reached 246 units per 10,000 people, which is nearly twice the global average. At the same time, China′s industrial robot technology is also rapidly developing, accounting for 44% of the global total number of related technology patent applications, surpassing Japan, the United States, and Germany, ranking first in the world. The simultaneous occurrence of the two cannot help but make us think: in the short term, China′s industrial robot technology has shown such a strong momentum, is it related to the huge domestic application market?Therefore, this paper took industrial robots, a typical technology of intelligent manufacturing, as an example.Based on the market application data and invention patent data, this paper verified whether large-scale local markets can stimulate technological innovation at the level of 230 cities, and revealed its impact on regional knowledge structure and evolution path from the perspective of technological relevance and complexity. The research conclusions are as follows:(1) The large-scale industrial robot application market in China has a significant promoting effect on related technological innovation. With the huge application market advantage that cannot be compared, industrial robot technology of China has walked a development process from scratch and from strong. In this process, two typical innovation modes are formed: First, relying on the spillover and penetration of international frontier technologies, the related field gradually evolves to the upgrading of industrial robot technology. Second, based on their own strong application demand for industrial robots, enterprises embark on an endogenous technology jump path.(2) Market-driven technological innovation still follows the dual path dependence of time and space. The market size and technological innovation of industrial robots in China show the characteristics of geographic synergistic agglomeration, and cities with knowledge base of industrial robots are more likely to gain benefits from the local market effect.(3) Unlike the technology led production model of first mover countries, the market-driven innovation model makes China more inclined to form breakthroughs in the field of low complexity industrial robot technology.(4) Compared with industries with mature industrial robot applications, industries with gradually increased follow-up penetration and potential market scale have more obvious marginal utility on urban related technological innovation.How to utilize China′s massive application market to promote technological innovation and development is of great significance for the implementation of the manufacturing power strategy and the acceleration of the formation of a modern industrial system. The research conclusion of this paper has the following policy implications: firstly, the government should consider supporting industrial robot technology innovation from a demand-driven perspective, and focus on areas where the application market is gradually starting and has great potential, in order to form dislocation competition with developed countries. Secondly, by effectively combining market demand with a technological foundation, driven by the market and coordinated by the government, we will build a new type of research and development cooperation institution that spans across regions and entities. Thirdly, we should leverage the advantages of the new national system and increase efforts to tackle the bottleneck technology of industrial robots.
作者
徐圆
杨芸芸
Xu Yuan;Yang Yunyun(School of International Economics and Trade,Nanjing University of Finance&Economics,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China;Jiangsu Institute of Industrial Development,Nanjing University of Finance&Economics,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China)
出处
《科研管理》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第11期22-31,共10页
Science Research Management
基金
国家社会科学基金项目:“增强中国经济韧性的路径选择与政策研究”(21FJLB033,2021.10—2023.10)
江苏省社会科学重点项目:“长三角城市群创新生态系统构建研究”(21EYA001,2021.10—2023.12)。
关键词
工业机器人
本土市场效应
技术创新
市场渗透度
industrial robot
home market effect
technological innovation
market penetration degree
作者简介
通信作者:徐圆(1981-),女(汉),江苏南京人,南京财经大学教授,研究方向:创新经济。;杨芸芸(1997-),女(汉),安徽芜湖人,南京财经大学硕士研究生,研究方向:城市经济。
