摘要
跨境劳务试点工作的开展除了为我国西南沿边地区的经济发展增添了活力,还促进了邻国劳动力的合理分配,为我国的和平发展做出了贡献。值得注意的是,来华劳工的工作流动性极高,崇左七成越南籍劳工每月至少离职一次,增加了沿边地区跨境劳务系统和边境秩序的不稳定性。本文基于2019年广西崇左市的外国人来华工作许可登记数据,结合实地访谈数据,采用Cox比例风险模型回归分析和卡普兰-迈耶生存曲线方法,从文化、经济、政策三个维度分析广西崇左越南籍劳工离职率的影响因素。实证分析结果表明,来源地为邻近崇左的越南七省、文化相似度较高的越南劳工离职风险比越南中南部来华劳工低26.5%;从事制造业的跨境劳工离职风险较砍蔗业高两成、较其他以非正式雇佣为主的行业低两成;受有效期仅一个月的务工证影响,跨境劳工每隔30天的离职风险都会大幅提升。为保障长期和平发展,建议采取以下策略提高跨境劳工的工作稳定性:鼓励跨境民族成员从事跨境劳务中介行业,进一步发挥文化相似性的作用;政企协同培养适合制造业的跨境劳工,为沿边地区经济长期发展提供劳动力基础;适当放宽务工证相关政策,转为采用数字政务、多方协同等方法加强跨境劳工管理。
The cross-border labour pilot project has facilitated the rational allocation of labour in neighbouring nations as well as reinforced the economic growth of the border regions in Southwest China,thus boosting the harmonious development of China.It is noteworthy that the mobility of those cross-border workers is exceptionally frequent,with70%of Vietnamese workers in Chongzuo quitting their jobs at least once a month,which exacerbates the instability of the cross-border labour system and the order in the border areas.Based on data from the 2019registration of work permits for foreign workers in Chongzuo City,this study combines field interviews,Cox proportional hazards regression analysis,and Kaplan-Meier survival curve methodology to examine the factors that influence the turnover rate of Vietnamese labourers in Chongzuo,along with three dimensions—culture,economy and policy.The empirical analysis results indicate that the turnover rate of Vietnamese labourers from the seven Vietnamese provinces neighboring Chongzuo with a stronger cultural resemblance is 26%lower than that of Vietnamese labourers from central and southern regions of Vietnamese.The turnover rate of cross-border labourers in the manufacturing industry is 20%higher than that of the sugarcane cutting industry,and 20%lower than that of other industries primarily relying on informal hiring.Additionally,the turnover rate of cross-border labourers rises significantly every 30days due to the expiration date of the work permit,only valid for a month.For sustainable and peaceful development,the strategies below can improve the job stability of cross-border workers.First,crossborder ethnic groups are encouraged to participate in the cross-border labour intermediary industry and meanwhile leverage cultural similarities.Second,the government and enterprises together foster cross-border workers for the manufacturing industry so as to provide sustainable workforce for economic growth of the border regions;and the policies of properly relaxing work permit,shifting to digital governance and multi-party collaboration should be taken to enhance cross-border labour management.
出处
《民族研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第4期47-61,M0003,共16页
Ethno-National Studies
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“‘一带一路’背景下国际移民的流入模式与空间特征研究”(项目编号:18ZDA133)的阶段性研究成果。
关键词
跨境务工
越南劳工
工作稳定性
和平发展
cross-border labour
Vietnamese workers
job stability
peaceful development.
作者简介
周博,广州大学公共管理学院副教授,广州大学华南人文地理与城市发展研究中心研究员。地址:广州市,邮编510006。
