摘要
为了研究屠宰体重对大型迪庆藏猪产肉性能、肌肉品质和经济效益的影响,试验选择胎次相同、出生日期相近的已去势并断奶的大型迪庆藏猪仔猪36头,随机分为1,2,3组进行育肥试验,分别在体重达40,80,120 kg左右时屠宰,测定育肥性能(平均日增重、料重比)、屠宰性能(屠宰体重、胴体重、胴体直长、胴体斜长、平均背膘厚、6~7肋间膘厚、皮厚、眼肌面积、屠宰率、板油率、皮率、骨率、瘦肉率、脂肪率)、肌肉品质(pH1值、肉色、大理石纹、失水率、熟肉率、滴水损失),计算母猪头均年提供肥猪数、猪肉(胴体)量,分析不同屠宰体重的大型迪庆藏猪经济效益。结果表明:试验2,3组全试验期平均日增重极显著高于试验1组(P<0.01);全试验期料重比随体重增加而增加;试验3组屠宰体重、胴体重、胴体直长、胴体斜长、平均背膘厚、6~7肋间膘厚、板油率极显著高于试验1,2组(P<0.01),试验2组极显著高于试验1组(P<0.01);试验3组皮厚极显著高于试验1组(P<0.01),显著高于试验2组(P<0.05);试验3组眼肌面积极显著或显著高于试验1,2组(P<0.01或P<0.05),试验2组显著高于试验1组(P<0.05);试验1组皮率、骨率极显著高于试验3组(P<0.01),显著高于试验2组(P<0.05);试验1组瘦肉率极显著高于试验2,3组(P<0.01);试验2,3组脂肪率、大理石纹极显著高于试验1组(P<0.01);试验1组失水率和滴水损失显著高于试验3组(P<0.05),与试验2组差异不显著(P>0.05);试验1组熟肉率极显著高于试验3组(P<0.01),试验2组显著高于试验3组(P<0.05)。试验猪场母猪头均年提供育肥猪数分别为12.11,11.98,12.05头,试验1,2,3组母猪头均年提供猪肉(胴体)量分别为317.59,689.06,1001.77 kg;试验1,2,3组全试验期头均毛利分别为210.67,310.27,294.11元,其中试验2组全试验期头均毛利最高。说明大型迪庆藏猪在80 kg左右时屠宰其肉品质和经济效益较好。
In order to investigate the effects of slaughter weight on meat performance,muscle quality and economic benefits of large Diqing Tibet pigs,thirty-six castrated and weaned large Diqing Tibet pigs with the same parity and similar birth date were randomly divided into 3 groups(group 1,group 2 and group 3)for fattening test,and were slaughtered when the average weight reached 40 kg,80 kg and 120 kg,respectively.The fattening performance(average daily gain,feed/gain),slaughter performance(slaughtering weight,carcass weright,carcass straight length,carcass oblique length,average backfat thickness,6-7 intercostal fat thickness,skin thickness,eye muscle area,ratio of abdominal fat,dressing percentage,skin ratio,bone ratio,lean meat ratio,fat ratio),muscle quality(pH_1 value,meat color,marbling,water loss ratio,cooked meat ratio,drip loss)were measured.The number of fattening pigs and the amount of pork(carcass)per pig per year were calculated,and the economic benefits of different slaughter weights were analyzed.The results showed that the average daily gain of full trial period the group 3 and group 2 was significantily higher than that in group 1(P<0.01).The feed/gain of full trial period increased with the increase of body weight.The slaughtering weight,carcass weright,carcass straight length,carcass oblique length,average backfat thickness,6-7 intercostal fat thickness,ratio of abdominal fat in the group 3 were extremely significantly higher than those in group 2 and group 1(P<0.01),and those in group 2 were higher than those in group 1(P<0.01).The skin thickness in group 3 was extremely significantly higher than that in group 1(P<0.01)and group 2(P<0.05).The loin-eye area in group 3 was extremely higher than that in group 2(P<0.05)and group 1(P<0.01),and that in group 2 was higher than that in group 1(P<0.05).The skin ratio and bone ratio in group 1 were extremely significantly higher than those in group 3(P<0.01)and group 2(P<0.05).The lean meat rate in group 1 was extremely significantly higher than that in group 2 and group 3(P<0.01),and the fat rate in group 3 and group 2 was extremely significantly higher than that in group 1(P<0.01).The water loss rate and drip loss in group 1 was significantly higher than that in group 3(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2(P>0.05).The cooked meat rate in group 1 was extremely significantly higher than that in group 3(P<0.01),and that in group 2 was significantly higher than that in group 3(P<0.05).The number of fattening pigs per pig per year was 12.11,11.98,12.05 in experimental pig farm,respectively.The amount of pork(carcass)per pig per year in group 1,group 2 and group 3 was 317.59,689.06,1001.77 kg,respectively,and the average gross profit was 210.67 yuan,310.27 yuan and 294.11 yuan,respectively,among which the average gross profit in group 2 was the highest during the whole experiment period.The results indicated that the meat quality and economic benefits of large Diqing Tibet pigs were better when the slaughter weight was about 80 kg.
作者
董新星
李昕鹏
聂靖茹
刘诗意
王莉兴
徐红萍
严达伟
马黎
DONG Xinxing;LI Xinpeng;NIE Jingru;LIU Shiyi;WANG Lixing;XU Hongping;YAN Dawei;MA Li(College of Animal Science and Technology,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Longri Breeding Farm of Sichuan Province,Aba 624400,China;Yunnan Animal Husbandry Station,Kunming 650224,China;Agricultural and Rural Bureau of Eshan County,Yuxi City,Yunnan Province,Yuxi 653200,China;Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine,Yunnan Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture,Kunming 650212,China)
出处
《黑龙江畜牧兽医》
北大核心
2023年第22期57-62,共6页
Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine
基金
云南省乡村振兴科技专项(202104BI090021)
云南省农业联合面上项目(2021BD070001-10)
云南省重大科技专项(202202AE090005)。
关键词
迪庆藏猪
屠宰体重
产肉性能
肌肉品质
经济效益
平均日增重
头均毛利
Diqing Tibet pigs
slaughter weight
meat performance
muscle quality
economic benefit
average daily gain
average gross profit per pig
作者简介
董新星(1984-),女,副教授,博士,研究方向为动物遗传育种与繁殖,86127447@qq.com;通信作者:严达伟(1972-),男,教授,硕士,研究方向为动物遗传育种与繁殖,1302648630@qq.com;通信作者:马黎(1971-)女,副教授,硕士,研究方向为动物生产,935936939@qq.com.
