摘要
为了解哈尼梯田鸟类群落结构及多样性构成,探讨不同农田类型和不同季节中鸟类群落变化特征。2019年7月—2020年4月,采用样线法对哈尼梯田4个季节分别进行鸟类专项调查。结果显示:共记录到鸟类86种,隶属10目37科,其中包括国家二级重点保护野生动物4种,分别是褐翅鸦鹃(Centropus sinensis)、小鸦鹃(C.bengalensis)、普通鵟(Buteo japonicus)和红隼(Falco tinnunculus);中国脊椎动物红色名录近危(NT)物种1种,即银耳相思鸟(Leiothrix argentauris);数据缺乏(DD)1种,为蓝喉拟啄木鸟(Psilopogon asiatica)。雀形目(Passeriformes)鸟类最多,共计27科69种。繁殖鸟类共74种,占鸟种数的86%,东洋种43种,占繁殖鸟类的58%,其余是广布种。居留类型以留鸟为主,64种,占74%,夏候鸟和冬候鸟各记录到10种。不同农田微生境类型下,旱田的丰富度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和G-F指数均高于水田,但Shannon-Wiener指数(F=0.206,p>0.05)和Pielou均匀度指数(F=0.211,p>0.05)差异不显著。不同季节Shannon-Wiener指数(F=1.515,p>0.05)和Pielou均匀度指数(F=0.805,p>0.05)差异也不显著,优势度春季和冬季较高,夏季和秋季较低,相似性指数夏季和冬季最高,春季和秋季较低。从鸟类优势种来看,以人类伴生鸟类和适应人为干扰活动的鸟类为主要优势种。研究结果既掌握了哈尼梯田鸟类资源现状,还为开展农业生态系统的生物多样性服务功能提供基础数据。
To understand the structure and diversity composition of bird communities in Hani terraces,and to explore the characteristics of bird community changes in different farmland types and different seasons,from July 2019 to April 2020,a special survey of birds was conducted in each season of Hani terraces using the sample line method.Results showed that 86 species of birds were recorded,belonging to 86 species of 37 families in 10 orders.Four species are national secondclass key protected animals,including greater coucal(Centropus sinensis),lesser coucal(C.bengalensis),Eastern buzzard(Buteo japonicus)and Eurasian kestrel(Falco tinnunculus),silver-eared mesia(Leiothrix argentauris)is classified as near threatened(NT) on Red List of China's Vertebrates and blue-throated barbet(Psilopogon asiatica)is data deficient(DD) species.Among them,birds of the order Passeriformes were most abundant,with a total of 69 species in 27 families.There were 74 breeding bird species,accounting for 86% of total bird species,and of the breeding bird species,43were Eastern species,accounting for 58%,and the rest were widespread species.The residence type was dominated by 64 species of resident birds,accounting for 74%,and 10 species of summer and winter migratory birds were recorded respectively.The abundance,Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Pielou uniformity index and G-F index were higher in dry fields than in paddy fields under different farmland microhabitat types,but the differences in Shannon-Wiener index(F=0.206,p>0.05) and Pielou uniformity index(F=0.211,p>0.05) were not significant.Shannon-Wiener index(F=1.515,p>0.05) and Pielou uniformity index(F=0.805,p>0.05) also did not differ significantly among seasons.Dominance was higher in spring and winter and lower in summer and autumn,and similarity index was highest in summer and winter and lower in spring and autumn.In terms of bird dominance species,human companion birds and birds adapted to human disturbance activities were the main dominant species.The research finding not only collected information about the current situation of bird resources in Hani terraced fields,but also provided basic data for carrying out biodiversity services in agricultural ecosystems.
作者
卜匀皓
耿吉恒
张健嵩
段玉宝
BU Yunhao;GENG Jiheng;ZHANG Jiansong;DUAN Yubao(Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,650224,China;College of Biodiversity Conservation,Southwest Forestry University,Kunming,650224,China)
出处
《野生动物学报》
北大核心
2023年第4期830-841,共12页
CHINESE JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE
基金
云南省大学生创新创业训练计划支持项目(202010677023)。
关键词
鸟类群落组成
季节动态
哈尼梯田
农田生境
Bird community structure
Seasonal dynamic
Hani terraces
Farmland habitat
作者简介
共同第一作者:卜匀皓,男,27岁,硕士研究生,主要从事野生动物生态学研究。E-mail:buyunhao2020@yeah.net;共同第一作者:耿吉恒;通信作者:段玉宝,E-mail:boyciana@163.com。
