摘要
目的分析2003—2020年直升机飞行人员医学停飞疾病谱变化规律及年代、年龄分布特点,增加航卫保障工作的预见性和主动性。方法采用回顾性调查研究的方法,收集直升机飞行人员医学停飞资料,统计分析各年代、年龄段医学停飞疾病顺位,医学停飞疾病的构成比及年代、年龄分布特点。结果2003—2020年直升机飞行人员医学停飞144例,飞行人员因运动系统疾病医学停飞人数最多,医学停飞前10名的疾病是头痛、眩晕、眼底病变、腰椎间盘突出症、膝关节病、高血压、屈光不正、颈椎病、晕厥、抑郁症;与2003—2020年歼击机飞行人员医学停飞疾病谱比较,直升机飞行人员因运动系统疾病、眼科疾病所致医学停飞的构成比显著高于歼击机飞行人员(χ^(2)=4.182、4.381,P=0.041、0.036),因心血管系统疾病所致医学停飞的构成比显著低于歼击机飞行人员(χ^(2)=10.486,P=0.001),其他系统疾病的构成比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与2003—2011年比较,2012—2020年因眼科疾病所致医学停飞的构成比有所上升(χ^(2)=6.329,P=0.012),因神经系统疾病所致医学停飞的构成比有所下降(χ^(2)=5.777,P=0.016);直升机飞行人员医学停飞平均年龄(34.31±5.42)岁,停飞年龄主要集中在30~39岁。结论直升机飞行人员因运动系统疾病、眼科疾病所致医学停飞的构成比显著高于歼击机飞行人员,应重点关注直升机飞行人员颈腰椎病、膝关节病、眼底疾病、屈光不正等疾病的预防和保健,进一步提高直升机飞行人员的航卫保障水平,从而延长飞行年限、提高飞行人员战斗力。
Objective To provide evidence for aeromedical support by analyzing the disease spectra of permanently-grounded helicopter aircrews between 2003 and 2020.Methods The data on helicopter aircrews permanently grounded between 2003 and 2020 was collected retrospectively.The ranking,constituent ratio,distribution and varieties of diseases that led to grounding in different types of aircraft,age groups and years were statistically analyzed.Results There were 144 helicopter aircrews grounded,mostly due to motor system diseases.The top ten diseases causing permanent grounding of helicopter aircrews were headache,vertigo,fundus lesions,lumber intervertebral disc diseases,knee diseases,hypertension,ametropia,neck intervertebral disc diseases,syncope and depressive disorders.Far more helicopter aircrews were grounded due to motor system diseases and ophthalmological diseases than fighter(attacker)aircrews(χ^(2)=4.182,4.381,P=0.041,0.036),but the proportion of helicopter aircrews grounded due to diseases of the cardiovascular system was significantly lower than that of fighter(attacker)aircrews(χ^(2)=10.486,P=0.001).However,no significant difference was observed in the proportion of diseases of other systems.More aircrews were grounded because of ophthalmological diseases between 2003 and 2011 than between 2012 and 2020(χ^(2)=6.329,P=0.012),but fewer aircrews were grounded due to nervous system diseases between 2003 and 2011 than between 2012(P>0.012)and 2020(χ^(2)=5.777,P=0.016).The average age of medically-grounded helicopter aircrews was 34.31±5.42 years old,and most of these helicopter aircrews were aged 30 to 39.Conclusion More military helicopter aircrews are grounded due to motor system diseases and ophthalmological diseases than fighter(attacker)aircrews so that aeromedical health care should focus on the prevention and treatment of cervical and lumbar spine disorders,knee diseases,fundus lesions and ametropia so as to extend the flight life and improve the combat effectiveness of military helicopter aircrews.
作者
张慧变
姚钦
苏芳
贾辰龙
王丽萍
赵显亮
王璐
陈珊
于飞
张琳
刘琳
ZHANG Huibian;YAO Qin;SU Fang;JIA Chenlong;WANG Liping;ZHAO Xianliang;WANG Lu;CHEN Shan;YU Fei;ZHANG Lin;LIU Lin(Department of Aeronautical Physiological Identification Training Laboratory,Air Force Medical Center,Air Force Medical University,PLA,Beijing 100142;Medical Research Department,Air Force Medical Center,Air Force Medical University,PLA,Beijing 100142;High Altitude Physiology Laboratory,Air Force Medical Center,Air Force Medical University,PLA,Beijing 100142,China)
出处
《空军航空医学》
2023年第4期294-297,共4页
AVIATION MEDICINE OF AIR FORCE
关键词
直升机
航空医学鉴定
疾病谱
航卫保障
飞行人员
Helicopter
Aeromedical accreditationt
Disease spectrum
Aeromedical support
Aircrews
作者简介
通信作者:刘琳,E-mail:linliu79@hotmail.com。
