摘要
在“相对态”思想实验中,埃弗雷特将冯·诺依曼“波函数坍缩”假设构造出与时序实在性不相容的悖论,并以此为基础建立了多世界解释。然而,多世界解释颇具争议。最具代表性的是,惠勒批评了脱离“观测”的“观测者”概率问题。埃弗雷特的支持者们试图处理这个问题,但一直未能奏效。本质上,时序悖论与观测者概率问题是相关的,通过改进模型难以实现对单一问题的避免。而且,通过思想实验方法,在多世界解释框架下可镜像地构造出“世界分叉”时序悖论。因此,埃弗雷特所批评的哥本哈根解释的时序问题,既是多世界解释的出发点,也是它本身的缺陷所在。这也论述了在退相干解释与多世界解释之间,何以没有被普遍接受的过渡性解释模型。
In the Relative State thought experiment,Everett proposed Many-worlds Interpretation or MWI by constructing paradox from von Neumann wave function collapse which is incompatible with reality of time series.However,there is little chance of a quick settlement of the dispute over MWI,among which Wheeler's criticism is particularly noticeable,that is,the observer affects probability directly while taking no account of observation.Everett's supporters made an unsuccessful attempt at treatment of that problem.Essentially,the correlation of tense paradox and observer's probability problem cannot be ignored.Whereas,it is unachievable to avoid single issue in isolation by improving interpretation models.Furthermore,it is possible to construct tense paradox of splitting many-worlds within MWI theoretical framework by mirrored-ground methodology of thought experiment.Therefore,the criticism of tense paradox in Copenhagen Interpretation from Everett becomes the theoretical starting-point as well as an inevitable failing of MWI.It shows the reason why none of transitional step of interpretation models is generally accepted between Decoherence Interpretation and Many-worlds Interpretation.
作者
孙圣
SUN Sheng(School of Philosophy,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)
出处
《自然辩证法研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第5期24-31,共8页
Studies in Dialectics of Nature
基金
国家社会科学基金重大项目“量子信息科技哲学及其逻辑基础研究”(22&ZD046)。
关键词
科学思想实验
观测者概率问题
量子测量问题
多世界解释
延迟选择实验
scientific thought experiments
observer's probability
quantum measurement
Many-worlds Interpretation
delayed-choice experiment
作者简介
孙圣(1986-),山东黄县人,哲学博士,西北师范大学哲学学院特聘副教授,美国罗格斯大学(Rutgers University)哲学系访问学者,主要研究方向:西方近现代科学思想史、量子物理哲学、突现论。
