摘要
良好生态环境是最公平的公共产品,是最普惠的民生福祉,人人享有生活环境安全健康的权利,但不可否认的是环境不平等问题长期存在,如何在环境治理中同时实现效率与公平,是亟待深入研究的重要课题。以往研究多从种族和收入水平角度分析环境不平等的影响因素,却较少探讨政策工具及其组合对环境不平等的影响。为弥补这一不足,该研究基于278个地级市二氧化硫排放量数据,利用威廉逊系数测度2003—2019年25个省和地区的环境不平等指数,运用固定效应面板模型、门槛效应模型实证检验政策工具与环境不平等间的复杂关系。研究发现:①中国省域环境不平等整体呈现先缓慢下降后上升的趋势,东中西部地区间存在明显区域异质性;同时存在环境质量改善而不平等加剧的错配现象,如何提高少数人的环境福利成为今后环境治理的重点。②命令控制型政策工具因具有注重公平与公众诉求的特性,可在一定程度上缓解省域环境不平等,而市场型政策工具追求治理效率的特性会使其显著加剧省域环境不平等。③污染水平和创新水平越高,越有利于命令控制型政策工具缓解省域环境不平等;而市场型政策工具则会在低污染水平和高创新水平下,加剧环境不平等。基于上述结论,应从重视污染分配公平、设计合理的政策组合、寻找差异化治理路径等方面推进环境治理及缓解环境不平等。该研究对选择政策工具、提高政策制定能力以及消除环境不平等有重要的启示意义。
A good eco-environment is the fairest public product and most beneficial to people’s livelihood and well-being.Everyone has the right to enjoy a safe and healthy living environment;however,it is undeniable that environmental inequality has been a longterm problem.How to achieve efficiency and equity in environmental governance is an important issue to be further explored.Previous studies have mostly discussed the influencing factors of environmental inequality from the perspectives of race and income level,but few studies have explored the impact of policy instruments and their mixes on environmental inequality.To make up for this deficiency,this paper used the Williamson coefficient to measure the environmental inequality coefficient of 25 provinces and regions from 2003 to 2019,based on the data of SO2 emissions from 278 prefecture-level cities,and empirically examined the complex relationship between policy instruments and environmental inequality with the fixed effect panel model and the threshold effect model.It was found that:①The overall provincial environmental inequality in China showed a trend of slowly decreasing and then rising,and there was obvious regional heterogeneity between the eastern,central,and western regions.In addition,there existed a mismatch phenomenon of improving environmental quality and increasing inequality.Therefore,how to improve the environmental welfare of the minority has become the focus of environmental governance.②Command-and-control policy instruments alleviated provincial environmental inequality to some extent due to their focus on fairness and public demands,while market-based policy instruments significantly aggregated provincial environmental inequality due to their features of pursuing governance efficiency.③The higher the level of pollution and innovation,the better for command-and-control policy instruments to alleviate provincial environmental inequality.Market-based policy instruments would aggravate environmental inequality at a low level of pollution and a high level of innovation.Based on the above conclusions,this paper proposes that environmental governance should be promoted and environmental inequality should be alleviated in such aspects as paying attention to the equity of pollution distribution,designing reasonable policy mixes,and finding differentiated governance paths.This study has important implications for selecting policy instruments,improving policy-making ability,and eliminating environmental inequality.
作者
要蓉蓉
郑石明
邹克
YAO Rongrong;ZHENG Shiming;ZOU Ke(School of Public Administration,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou Guangdong 510641,China;School of Public Administration,Jinan University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510632,China;Institute of Public Policy,Jinan University,Guangzhou Guangdong 510632,China;School of Economics&Trade,Guangdong University of Finance,Guangzhou Guangdong 510521,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第8期89-101,共13页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“‘双碳’目标下环境污染与碳排放协同治理效应与机制创新研究”(批准号:22AGL029)。
关键词
环境不平等
政策工具强度
环境污染
创新水平
门槛效应
environmental inequality
policy instrument stringency
environmental pollution
innovation level
threshold effect
作者简介
要蓉蓉,博士生,主要研究方向为环境与气候政策、高等教育政策。E-mail:qyrr2@163.com;通信作者:郑石明,博士,教授,博导,主要研究方向为环境与气候政策、科技创新政策。E-mail:zhengsm@jnu.edu.cn。
