摘要
文章从理论和实践层面对科研范式变革的主要内涵和重要影响进行综合性探讨。在理论层面上,从库恩及其代表作《科学革命的结构》入手,探讨“范式”概念的逻辑本质。在实践层面上,通过问卷调查和访谈等形式,调研、凝练出新时代科研范式变革的3个方面内涵:解决系统性复杂问题成为新时代科研范式变革主要驱动力,仿真模拟和数据科学可能成为推动科研范式变革的有效突破口,科研活动组织创新成为推动科研范式变革的基础。在此基础上,分析目前我国应对科研范式变革存在的问题,并提出相应的政策建议。
The purpose of this study is to comprehensively explore the main connotation and important impact of scientific research paradigm change from both theoretical and practical perspectives.On the theoretical level,starting with Kuhn and his The Structures of the Scientific Revolution,this study explores the logical essence of the concept of“paradigm”.At the practical level,through various forms such as questionnaires and interviews,the three connotations of scientific research paradigm change in the new era have been condensed.Namely,solving systematic and complex problems has become the main driving force for scientific research paradigm change in the new era,simulation and data science may become effective breakthroughs in promoting scientific research paradigm change,and organizational innovation in scientific research activities has become the foundation for promoting scientific research paradigm change.On this basis,it analyzes the current problems in China’s response to the transformation of research paradigms,and proposes the corresponding policy recommendations.
作者
杜鹏
赵秉钰
孙粒
沙小晶
张理茜
王孜丹
DU Peng;ZHAO Bingyu;SUN Li;SHA Xiaojing;ZHANG Liqian;WANG Zidan(Institutes of Science and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Public Policy and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Bureau of Planning and Policy,National Natural Science Foundation of China,Beijing 100085,China;Institute of Systems Engineering,Academy of Military Sciences,Beijing 100041,China)
出处
《中国科学院院刊》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第7期991-1000,共10页
Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences
基金
国家自然科学基金专项项目(L2024001、L2224045)
中国科学院学部前沿交叉研判项目(XK2022DXA01)
中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院新兴前沿方向自主部署项目(E2X0121Z03)。
关键词
科研范式
科学共同体
复杂性
仿真模拟
数据科学
科研活动组织
学科
scientific research paradigm
scientific community
complexity
simulation
data science
organization of scientific research activities
discipline
作者简介
通信作者:王孜丹,军事科学院系统工程研究院助理研究员。主要研究领域:系统工程及其标准化。E-mail:339318531@qq.com;杜鹏,中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院研究员。主要研究领域:科技政策、科学技术与社会、学科政策等。E-mail:dupeng@casisd.cn。
