摘要
将城市创新集聚纳入自贸区设立的政策效应评估框架,并将自贸区设立作为一项准自然实验,基于2005—2019年中国259个地级及以上城市面板数据,采用多时点双重差分模型,研究自贸区设立对城市创新集聚的影响,以及产业集聚、数字经济、创新创业活跃度的调节效应。研究结果表明:(1)整体而言,自贸区设立对城市创新集聚具有显著的促进作用,在东部及北方自贸区城市更为明显;(2)就城市规模而言,特大型及以上城市的自贸区设立对城市创新集聚的影响为正但不显著,而Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型大城市的自贸区设立对城市创新集聚的影响显著为正,而城市财力异质性研究表明,在高金融发展水平组和高财政支出组中,自贸区设立对城市创新集聚的影响均显著为正,对低财政支出组的影响较小,而对低金融发展水平组的影响却不显著;(3)影响机制检验表明,制造业集聚、生产性服务业集聚以及二者的协同集聚、数字经济和创新创业活跃度在自贸区设立对城市创新集聚的影响过程中,均不同程度上发挥出正向调节作用;(4)样本期内,自贸区设立对城市创新集聚的促进作用,在设立当年最小,到设立后第六年达到峰值,时滞效应明显。上述研究结论具有丰富的政策蕴含:一是在积极推进现有自贸区改革试验及制度创新的基础上,总结提炼制度创新成果并针对性向非自贸区城市推广实施,以促进城市创新集聚及创新驱动发展;二是不仅要注重自贸区城市对创新集聚的引导,还应重视自贸区制度创新与产业集聚的协同发展;三是优化创新创业生态环境,完善创业扶持政策,为创新创业活动及创新要素配置提供优越的环境条件,以更大化释放自贸区设立的制度创新红利;四是加强数字技术与实体经济的融合发展,实施以产业数字化、数字产业化为主要表征的数字经济发展战略,打造高端的数字经济创新平台,以此为依托汇集各类创新要素,并通过数字技术赋能创新组织模式及治理方式创新,增强创新主体内部及之间的创新协同效应。
This study attempts to incorporate urban innovation agglomeration into the evaluation framework of the policy effect of the establishment of the free trade zone,taking the establishment of the free trade zone as a quasi-natural experiment,based on the panel data of 259 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2005 to 2019,and using the multi-time point double difference model,to study the impact of the establishment of the free trade zone on urban innovation agglomeration,as well as the regulatory effect of industrial agglomeration,digital economy,innovation and entrepreneurship activity.The results show that:(1)On the whole,the establishment of free trade zones has a significant promoting effect on urban innovation agglomeration,especially in the eastern and northern cities of free trade zones;(2)In terms of city size,the establishment of free trade zones in megacities and above has a positive but not significant impact on urban innovation agglomeration,while the establishment of free trade zones in large cities of type I and type II has a significant positive impact on urban innovation agglomeration,while the study of urban financial heterogeneity shows that the establishment of free trade zones has a significant positive impact on urban innovation agglomeration in both the high financial development level group and the high financial expenditure group,The impact on the low financial expenditure group is small,but the impact on the low financial development level group is not significant;(3)The test of the impact mechanism shows that the agglomeration of manufacturing industry,productive service industry and their collaborative agglomeration,digital economy and innovation and entrepreneurship activity play a positive role in the process of the impact of the establishment of free trade zones on urban innovation agglomeration to varying degrees;(4)During the sample period,the promotion effect of the establishment of the free trade zone on urban innovation agglomeration was the smallest in the year of its establishment,and reached the peak in the sixth year after its establishment,with obvious time lag effect.The above research conclusions have rich policy implications:First,on the basis of actively promoting the reform experiment and institutional innovation of the existing free trade zone,summarize and refine the results of institutional innovation and promote the implementation of targeted non-free trade zone cities to promote urban innovation agglomeration and innovation-driven development.Second,we should not only pay attention to the guidance of the cities in the free trade zone on innovation agglomeration,but also pay attention to the coordinated development of the institutional innovation and industrial agglomeration in the free trade zone.Third,optimize the ecological environment for innovation and entrepreneurship,improve entrepreneurship support policies,provide superior environmental conditions for innovation and entrepreneurship activities and the allocation of innovation elements,and release the institutional innovation dividend set up by the Free Trade Zone to a greater extent.Fourth,strengthen the integration and development of digital technology and the real economy,implement the development strategy of digital economy characterized by industrial digitization and digital industrialization,build a high-end digital economy innovation platform,and rely on this to gather various innovative elements,and through digital technology to enable innovation in organizational models and governance methods,enhance the innovation synergy within and between innovation subjects.
作者
王亚飞
柏颖
刘静
WANG Yafei;BAI Ying;LIU Jing(School of Economics and Management,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China)
出处
《统计与信息论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2023年第7期87-101,共15页
Journal of Statistics and Information
基金
国家社会科学基金重点项目“西部地区装备制造业技术进步路径选择的环境和条件研究”(14AJL015)
重庆市教委人文社科项目“基于多水平组织公民行为的重庆市国有企业组织效能提升路径研究”(17SKG036)
重庆市“巴渝青年学者”人才支持项目。
关键词
创新集聚
自由贸易试验区
产业集聚
创新创业活跃度
数字经济
innovation agglomeration
pilot free trade zone
industrial agglomeration
innovation and entrepreneurship activity
digital economy
作者简介
王亚飞,男,重庆人,博士,教授,研究方向:区域经济;通讯作者:柏颖,女,四川达州人,研究方向:区域经济,创新;刘静,女,重庆云阳人,研究方向:数量经济。
