摘要
清代流官入瘴区任职后瘴故率极高。在督抚的默许下,为保全性命,瘴区官员多在瘴气盛作时移驻他地,待瘴弱或瘴消时再返回治所。此行为在雍正及其以前皆被禁止,并视为擅离职守,但乾隆以降,已被默许。清廷误以为生于瘴区之人可抵御瘴毒,并以此为基础确立了五省籍贯制度,当部分瘴区缺官时,须从籍贯为南方五省之人中拣选,意图从源头上解决官员瘴故的问题。此外,清廷采用分发避瘴药物及迁移治所等方式,使瘴区官员免遭瘴故风险。乾隆以降,避瘴方式基本趋向科学的一面,衣食住行已成为瘴区官员避瘴的重点。
During the Qing Dynasty,many court appointed nonhereditary officials taken offices in the malaria regions lost their lives because of the malaria.Since the Qianlong period,the court allowed these officials to stay seasonally in other places for survival as long as the corresponding governor-generals or governors gave tacit permission.The Qing government mistakenly believed that people born in malaria areas could resist malaria.Based on such a judgment,the court established a policy of appointing malaria region officials only from the natives of the five southern provinces.In addition,the court also provided some anti malaria medicines for the officials and relocated some governmental offices to reduce the malaria risk.After Qianlong period,the malaria resisting measure focused to improving food,clothing,housing,and transportation conditions.
作者
付永杰
Fu Yongjie(School of History and Culture,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,Hubei,430079,China.)
出处
《古代文明（中英文）》
CSSCI
2023年第3期125-136,M0006,M0007,共14页
The Journal of Ancient Civilizations
基金
中央高校基本科研业务费(优博培育)资助项目“清前期‘边缺’研究”(项目批号:2022YBZZ014)成果之一。
关键词
清代
瘴区官员
避瘴
保命
Qing Dynasty
officials of miasma regions
avoiding miasma
survival
作者简介
付永杰(1993年-),华中师范大学历史文化学院博士研究生,湖北,武汉,430079。
