明代雅乐曲辞关系考论——以李之藻《頖宫礼乐疏》为中心

A Study on the Relationship between Music and Lyrics in the Ya Yue in the Ming Dynasty——Centered on Li Zhizao's "Pan Gong Li Yue Shu"

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摘要作为音乐本体的雅乐和作为歌辞的乐章,共同构成了明代典礼仪式中的功能性用乐,明代的雅乐乐章因此具备音乐文学的特质。长期以来,学界将明代雅乐的曲辞关系等同于一字一音,这与明人论述雅乐有所偏差,也不尽符合明代雅乐谱所标记的音乐状况。《頖宫礼乐疏》为儒学生员等初学者而作,以明代神乐观演奏的雅乐为依据,较之律吕字谱展现了更多的音乐信息,其目的正在于将国家雅乐相对规范、细致地传承到州县一级。就其中记载所见,丁祭雅乐歌辞的单字演唱以琴瑟十三字操缦法作为节奏方法,乐句之中也有相对稳定的曲辞配合关系,单字和乐句均呈现出音乐本身的丰富性。随着礼学复兴与礼乐教学需求的增加,明代雅乐谱逐渐向标记清晰、通俗的趋势发展,探究相关乐谱,不仅有利于明清雅乐的探索与还原,也为明代文学的歌与诗、声与辞等问题提供了新的切入角度。 Ya Yue,as the ontology of music and as the movement of lyrics,constituted the functional music used in ceremonies in the Ming Dynasty.Therefore,the Ya Yue movements in the Ming Dynasty had the characteristics of music literature.For a long time,the academic community has equated the relationship between the music and lyrics of the Ming Dynasty's Ya Yue with one word and one tone,which deviates from the discussion of Ya Yue by the Ming people and does not fully conform to the music situation marked by the Ming Dynasty's Ya Yue music scores.The "Pan Gong Li Yue Shu" was written for Confucian students and other beginners,based on the Ya Yue performed in the Ming Dynasty's Shenyueguan.Compared to the Lu Lu Zi Pu,it presented more musical information,with the aim of relatively standardized and meticulous inheritance of national Ya Yue to the state and county levels.As can be seen from the records,the single character singing of Ding Ji Ya Yue's lyrics uses the method of using the thirteen character technique of qin and se as the rhythm method,and there is also a relatively stable coordination between the lyrics in the phrases.Both the single character and the phrases present the richness of the music itself.With the revival of the study of Li and the increasing demand for teaching of Li and music,the Ming Dynasty's Ya Yue score gradually developed towards a trend of clear and popular labeling.Exploring relevant music scores is not only conducive to the exploration and restoration of Ming and Qing Ya Yue,but also provides a new perspective for the issues of songs and poetry,sound and lyrics in Ming Dynasty literature.

作者宋忻怡 Song Xinyi

机构地区南京大学文学院

出处《南京艺术学院学报（音乐与表演版）》北大核心 2023年第2期33-39,I0002,共8页 Journal of Nanjing Arts Institute:Music & Performance

基金国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目专项资金资助(项目编号:202106190070)。

关键词明代雅乐雅乐歌辞曲辞关系《頖宫礼乐疏》 Ya Yue in the Ming Dynasty Ya Yue lyrics relationship between tunes and lyrics “Pan Gong Li Yue Shu”

分类号 J609.2 [艺术—音乐]

作者简介宋忻怡(1993-),女,山东省济南市人,南京大学文学院2019级博士研究生,研究方向:明清文学、明代学校教育及礼乐文化。