摘要
为明确牛粪堆肥过程中3种四环素类抗生素(四环素、土霉素、金霉素)的降解及其影响因素,以牛粪和玉米秸秆为原料,用小型泡沫盒在恒温培养箱中进行为期40 d的堆肥试验。设置3因素3水平处理:抗生素质量浓度(25、50、75 mg/kg)、培养温度(25、35、45℃)和C/N(质量比,15、25、35),通过优化的高效液相色谱法检测堆肥过程中抗生素的降解情况。结果表明,好氧堆肥有效地降低了牛粪中四环素类抗生素的含量,残留率小于24.1%。随着抗生素浓度的增加,四环素、土霉素、金霉素的残留率均逐渐增加,并达到显著水平(p<0.05);随着培养温度的增加,四环素的残留率逐渐降低,且处理间差异显著(p<0.05);当堆体的C/N为25时,3种抗生素的残留率最低,且显著低于其他两个处理(p<0.05)。整个堆肥过程中,抗生素在第5~14天降解最快,这段时间堆体温度也相对较高,说明四环素类抗生素的降解主要发生在高温阶段。好氧堆肥处理虽然可以有效降低牛粪中四环素类抗生素的残留,但不能完全将其去除。因此,在农业生产中,需酌量使用有机肥。
In order to clarify the degradation of three tetracycline antibiotics(tetracycline,oxytetracycline and chlotetracyline)and its influencing factors in the process of cow manure composting,cow manure and corn straw were used as raw materials in a small foam box for a 40-day composting experiment in a constant temperature incubator.Three factors and three levels were set up:the addition concentration of antibiotics(25 mg/kg,50 mg/kg,75 mg/kg),culture temperature(25℃,35℃,45℃)and C/N mass ratio(15,25,35).The degradation of antibiotics in composting process was detected by optimized high-performance liquid chromatography.The results showed that aerobic composting could effectively reduced the content of tetracycline antibiotics in cow manure,and the residual rate was less than 24.1%.With the increase of supplemental concentration,the residual rates of tetracycline,oxytetracycline and chlotetracyline increased gradually,and reached a significant level(p<0.05).With the increase of culture temperature,the residual rate of tetracycline decreased gradually,and the difference between treatments was significant(p<0.05).When the C/N mass ratio was 25,the residual rates of the three antibiotics were the lowest and significantly lower than those of the other two treatments(p<0.05).During the whole composting process,the degradation of antibiotics was fastest during the 5^(th) to 14^(th) day,and the temperature of the stack was relatively high during this period,indicating that the degradation of tetracycline antibiotics mainly occurred at the high temperature stage.Although aerobic composting can effectively reduce the residues of tetracycline antibiotics in cow manure,it cannot completely remove them.Therefore,organic fertilizer should be used appropriately in agricultural production.
作者
刘志平
周怀平
解文艳
杨振兴
LIU Zhiping;ZHOU Huaiping;XIE Wenyan;YANG Zhenxing(Institute of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan Shanxi 030031)
出处
《环境污染与防治》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第6期743-750,共8页
Environmental Pollution & Control
基金
山西省农业科学院博士研究基金项目(No.YBSJJ2012)
山西省青年科技研究基金项目(No.201901D211557)
国家重点研发计划项目(No.2021YFD1900705-01)。
关键词
四环素类抗生素
高效液相色谱法
牛粪堆肥
降解
tetracycline antibiotics
high performance liquid chromatography
cow manure compost
degradation
作者简介
第一作者:刘志平,女,1988年生,博士,副研究员,研究方向为环境污染物降解;通讯作者:周怀平。
