摘要
基于四子王旗荒漠草原家庭牧场的调研数据和植被监测数据,通过植物群落数量特征计算植物多样性指数,构建草畜平衡模型和多元线性回归模型,比较第一轮、第二轮草畜平衡奖励在草地植被、草畜能量平衡和经济收入层面的实施效果。结果表明:四子王旗草畜平衡区载畜率显著下降,植被高度、盖度、物种数、生物量和Margalef丰富度指数显著增加;草畜能量呈夏季能量充足,冬季能量不足的不均衡态,但全年草畜能量趋于平衡;影响牧民收入的主要因素由成本类逐渐转变为牧业规模类和收入类,补贴收入开始显著影响牧民收入。草畜平衡奖励有利于当地植被的生长与恢复,缓解了草畜能量供需不平衡的矛盾,并改变了牧民收入的经济结构,促进牧民增收和收入结构多元化,补贴收入成为一项重要的收入来源。整体而言,草畜平衡奖励在当地已有一定成效。未来草畜平衡奖励政策的制定与实施应加强对草畜能量季节不平衡等问题的研究,精细化补助方案,以促进家庭牧场的可持续发展。
Based on the survey data and vegetation monitoring data of family ranch in the desert steppe in Siziwang Banner,the plant diversity index was calculated by using the quantitative characteristics of plant communities,and the forage-livestock balance model and multiple linear regression model were con⁃structed,the effects of the first and second rounds of forage-livestock balance reward on grassland vegeta⁃tion,forage-livestock energy balance and economic income were compared.The results showed that the stocking rate significantly decreased,while the vegetation height,coverage,species number,biomass and Margalef richness index significantly increased,the energy of grass and livestock showed an unbalanced state of sufficient energy in summer and insufficient energy in winter,but the energy of grass and livestock tended to balance throughout the year in Siziwang Banner;the main factors influencing herdsmen’s income had gradually changed from cost to scale and income of animal husbandry,and subsidy income began to sig⁃nificantly affect herdsmen’s income.This policy was beneficial for the growth and restoration of local veg⁃etation,alleviating the imbalance between supply and demand of grass and livestock energy,and changing the economic structure that affected the income of herdsmen.They promoted income increase and diversifi⁃cation of income structure,and subsidy income had become an important source of income.In general,the implementation of forage-livestock balance reward has achieved certain results in the local area.In the future,the formulation and implementation of this policy should strengthen the research on issues such as seasonal energy imbalance,refine the subsidy scheme,and promote the sustainable development of family ranches.
作者
陈晨
韩国栋
吕世杰
鞠馨
冀璇
李治国
CHEN Chen;HAN Guodong;LYU Shijie;JU Xin;JI Xuan;LI Zhiguo(College of Grassland,Resources and Environment,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources,Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Forage Grass Cultivation,Processing and Efficient Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Grassland Management and Utilization of Inner Mongolia,Hohhot 010011,China;College of Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010011,China)
出处
《中国草地学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第5期115-124,共10页
Chinese Journal of Grassland
基金
国家重大科技专项项目(2016YFC0500504)
内蒙古重大专项(ZDZX2018020)
草地资源可持续利用教育部科技创新团队(IRT_17R59)
内蒙古自治区科技成果转化项目“内蒙古草原牧区家庭牧场草畜资源优化配置技术示范推广”(2019CG069)
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“荒漠草原生态修复与草畜平衡发展模式研究及示范”(2020GG0100)
呼和浩特市科技计划项目重大科技专项(2019-社-重-1)。
关键词
家庭牧场
草畜平衡
草畜平衡奖励
多元线性回归模型
Family ranch
Forage-livestock balance
Forage-livestock balance reward
Multivariable linear regression model
作者简介
陈晨(1996-),女,内蒙古巴彦淖尔市人,在读硕士生,主要从事草地资源生态与管理研究,E-mail:chenchen062705@163.com;通信作者:韩国栋,E-mail:nmghanguodong@163.com。
