摘要
本文基于一体化运营模式下区域港群效率的科学内涵,以“区域港群”整体作为决策单元,从微观和宏观层面将区域港群的运作过程分为生产阶段和腹地服务阶段,采用考虑非期望产出的超效率网络SBM模型测度了2010—2019年中国9个区域港群的总效率和分阶段效率。在此基础上,利用标准差椭圆模型和Tobit模型进一步探究了区域港群效率的空间演化规律及其影响因素,并提出区域港群高效发展的对策和建议。研究表明:从时间维度看,中国区域港群总效率、生产效率、腹地服务效率在评价期内均呈现在波动中上升的趋势,腹地服务效率对总效率的贡献值更大;从空间维度看,中国南方港群效率整体高于北方港群,研究后期效率重心呈现从南向北偏移趋势,区域发展不平衡问题有所改善;港口集团年龄、区位优势、产业结构、腹地集疏运能力对区域港群效率具有促进作用,而港口基础设施的增加会抑制区域港群效率的提升。
Over the past 40 years since the reform and opening up,China′s economy has become more and more closely linked to the world economy.Ports have become a window to represent the national economic development,urban economic growth and opening up.They are important strategic resources for the national and regional development.By 2022,China has occupied eight of the top ten ports in the world with the largest throughput,and China has become a recognized port power in the world.However,there are still many problems in China′s ports,such as serious homogenization and disorderly competition,low utilization rate of port resources and unreasonable functional allocation,which lead to low port efficiency and slow down the pace of building a world-class port in China.With the rapid development of the global economy,and the continuous strengthening of the port collection and distribution conditions and loading and unloading capacity brought by technological innovation,the radiation radius of the port service hinterland is constantly expanding,and the process of the port development to large-scale and specialization is constantly accelerating.In order to improve the scale effect and competitiveness of port groups,all the major ports around the world have gradually started the practice process of port integration.Under this background,how to scientifically evaluate the development efficiency of China′s port groups under the integrated operation mode,identify the driving factors that affect the development of port groups,and explore the resource intensive optimization and governance strategies of regional port groups suitable for the"integrated operation"mode is a scientific issues worthy of academic study,which is of great significance to build a world-class port in China.Based on the scientific connotation of regional port group efficiency under the integration operation mode,this paper takes"regional port group"as a whole as a decision-making unit,divides the operation process of regional port group into production stage and hinterland service stage from micro and macro levels,and measures the total efficiency and staged efficiency of nine regional port groups in China from 2010 to 2019 by using the super-efficiency network SBM model considering the unexpected output.In addition,we apply the standard deviation ellipse model and Tobit model to further discuss the spatial evolution of the regional port group efficiency and its influencing factors,and put forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the efficient development of regional port groups.It is found that,from the time dimension,the total efficiency,production efficiency and hinterland service efficiency of China′s port groups all showed an upward trend during the evaluation period,and the hinterland service efficiency contributed a lot to the total efficiency.From the perspective of spatial dimension,the efficiency of port groups in southern China is generally higher than that in northern China.In the later period of the study,the focus of efficiency shifted from south to north,and the imbalance of regional development improved.The age,location advantage,industrial structure and hinterland collection and distribution capacity of the port can promote the improvement of the regional port groups efficiency,while the increase of port infrastructure can inhibit the improvement of regional port groups efficiency.The above conclusions have important policy implications for promoting the process of China′s port integration and realizing the goal of world-class ports construction.First,China should optimize resource allocation,promote the rational and efficient utilization of port resources,and improve the production efficiency of port groups.Second,it should strengthen exchanges and cooperation,narrow the development gap between the northern and southern ports,and realize balanced regional development.Third,it should also promote technology upgrading,build an intelligent collecting and dispatching system,promote multi-level and high-quality services for regional ports,and continuously improve the efficiency of regional port groups.
作者
贾鹏
马奇飞
邬桐
陆圣斓
匡海波
Jia Peng;Ma Qifei;Wu Tong;Lu Shenglan;Kuang Haibo(School of Maritime Economics and Management,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,Liaoning,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Transport Studies,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,Liaoning,China;School of Economics and Management,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Transportation Engineering,Tongji University,Shanghai 200092,China)
出处
《科研管理》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2023年第4期112-126,共15页
Science Research Management
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目:“一体化运营格局下区域港群集约优化及治理策略研究”(72174035,2022.01—2025.12)
国家自然科学基金面上项目:“绿色增长导向的港口群落结构优化与对策研究”(71774018,2018.01—2021.12)
辽宁省“兴辽英才”支持计划项目(XLYC2008030,2021.01—2023.12)
中国博士后科学基金面上资助项目:“产业转移下帕累托最优导向的陆港时空布局及其资源配置”(2015M580128,2015.11—2017.05)。
作者简介
通信作者:贾鹏(1979-),男(汉),辽宁铁岭人,大连海事大学航运经济与管理学院教授,研究方向:交通运输规划与管理、绿色港航;马奇飞(1992-),男(汉),河南开封人,大连海事航运经济与管理学院博士研究生,研究方向:交通运输规划与管理、交通地理;邬桐(1995-),女(汉),吉林白山人,大连海事大学综合交通运输协同创新中心硕士研究生,研究方向:港航企业战略规划与管理;陆圣斓(1995-),女(汉),浙江湖州人,同济大学交通运输学院博士研究生,研究方向:交通运输规划与管理、绿色交通;匡海波(1965-),男(锡伯),辽宁新民人,大连海事大学综合交通运输协同创新中心教授,研究方向:港口规划与管理。
