俄国对日安全认知的演变及竞争战略的调整——以迫日还辽政策出台为中心的考察

Geopolitical Turn:the Evolution of Russia’s Security Perception of Japan and the Adjustment of its Competitive Strategy:--An Investigation Centered on the Introduction of the Policy of Forcing Japan to Return to Liaotung

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摘要迫日还辽是关涉俄帝国核心利益且产生深远影响的复杂外交事件,俄国对日本安全认知的演变是迫日还辽政策出台的关键性变量。对俄国而言,中日甲午战争中的日本从“并不是理想的大陆邻居”升级为“危险的邻居”,最后成为“不得不十分关注的邻居”,俄国对日本安全认知的深化反映出日本对俄国威胁的不断加深,迫日还辽政策应运出台。俄国对日认知形塑其对日外交行为,意味着俄国从以大国竞争为主、地缘竞争为辅的战略框架转向以地缘竞争为主、大国竞争为辅。短期来看,迫日还辽缓解俄国的地缘压力,符合特定条件下的国家安全需要。从长期看,强势凌厉的战略布局背后体现俄国对霸权可能衰落的焦虑和维持霸权能力的不自信,暴露出地缘竞争的脆弱和战略调整的乏力。 Forcing Japan to return to Liaotung is a complex diplomatic event that concerns the core interests of the Russian Empire and has a far-reaching impact.The evolution of Russia’s perception of Japan’s security is a key variable in the introduction of the policy of forcing Japan to return to Liaotung.For Russia,during the Sino Japanese War of 1894-1895,Japan was upgraded from“not an ideal continental neighbor”to“a dangerous neighbor”,and finally became“a neighbor that must be paid close attention to”.Russia’s deepening understanding of Japan’s security reflected the deepening threat Japan posed to Russia,and the policy of forcing Japan to return to Liaotung should be issued.Russia’s cognition of Japan shaped its diplomatic behavior towards Japan,which means that Russia has shifted from a strategic framework dominated by great power competition and supplemented by geopolitical competition to a strategic framework dominated by geopolitical competition and supplemented by great power competition.In the short term,forcing Japan also eased Russia’s geopolitical pressure and met the national security needs under specific conditions.In the long run,the strong and aggressive strategic layout reflects Russia’s anxiety about the possible decline of hegemony and its lack of confidence in its ability to maintain hegemony,exposing the fragility of geographical competition and the weakness of strategic adjustment.

作者邢媛媛 XING Yuanyuan(History School,University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 410081,China)

机构地区中国社会科学院大学历史学院

出处《安徽史学》 CSSCI 北大核心 2023年第2期106-115,共10页 Historical Research In Anhui

基金国家社科基金一般项目“东北亚视阈下俄日关系与中国因素的历史研究(1701—1917)”(19BSS046)的阶段性成果。

关键词俄国日本迫日还辽远东地缘竞争 Russia Japan forced Japan to return to Liaotung the geopolitical competition

分类号 K512.4 [历史地理—世界史] K313.4 [历史地理—世界史]

作者简介邢媛媛(1978-),女,湖北当阳人,中国社会科学院大学历史学院副教授,中国社会科学院世界历史研究所副研究员,历史学博士。